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Anthropos 3-4 (247-248) 2017
PHILOSOPHY STUDIES
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In the article we try to assess the thought of a relatively obscure but piercing logician and
philosopher Afrikan Spir. His works represent an important influence on the philosophical
formation of the young Nietzsche. The paper exposes ideas from Spir’s main oeuvre
Thought and Reality, undoubtedly an important inspirational source for Nietzsche’s
early writings but also apparent in his books Human, All Too Human and Daybreak,
particularly when dealing with epistemological problems. Nietzsche was then actively
pursuing a detachment from any kind of metaphysically determined passions that inspired
him in his youth, mainly under the influence of Wagner and Schopenhauer. In the
search for an independent philosophical stance he prescribed himself a »philosophical
diet« and found in the Neo-Kantian philosopher Spir an interlocutor, who was, in his
own right, defying metaphysical snares with logical principles.
Keywords: Afrikan Spir, critique of metaphysics, philosophical therapy, synthetic a priori judgements, logical principles, the unconditional
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The following paper tackles the depiction of Husserl’s philosophical thinking of the phenomenon of space in the time between his lectures Ding und Raum from 1907 and his
treatment of life-world in his text Crisis. At first, the paper deals with Husserl’s criticism
of the scientific conception of space of the modern age, and later on, in the second and
the third part, it strives to look into the core of the transcendental phenomenological constitution
of space, where we become acquainted with the living-body as the bearer of
transcendental subjectivity, and with the concept of Earth as the basis-form for the constitution
of every movement and rest.
Key words: phenomenology, space, corporeality, constitution, transcendental ego
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The article attempts to face as diversely as possible the problem of knowableness of the absolute,
which in philosophies that seem to be grounded on the unconditional turns out to
actually brake into heterogeneousness; and at the same time by continuously referring to
the epistemological moment shows on different examples that the distinction between the
relative and the absolute does not bear weight in view of human consciousness, and that
the absolute is in a way only an ethical guidance sub specie aeternitatis, which has value
exactly then as it is not completely transcendent.
Key words: ontology, point of view, absolute, relative, context
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In this article, which is essentially concerned with an attempt to define the appropriate
manner of examining law and searching for the concept of law, I have explored beyond
the self-sufficient and impenetrable legal science. Hence, I have taken a step away from
the comprehension of law, which, in order to enforce its autonomy and particularity,
overlooks its affiliation with humanities and social sciences. In the article, I endeavour
to determine whether a juncture of the philosophy of law and philosophical anthropology
exists and where can we find it. As one of the more important junctures, I recognise
the conception of humans in law, which presents a collection of theorems or an idea of
what humans are like by nature and how is this reflected, either in the legal order or in
the comprehension of law. After I researched and examined the manifestations of the
conception of humans in law, I attempted to take a position on the issue under which
conditions the discourse and “exercise” of the conception of humans in law are justifiable
and reasonable, and why the discussion of this is beneficial for jurisprudence.
Keywords: philosophy of law, conception of human, philosophical anthropology, personalism, integral conception of human, human nature
PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a disorder of movement, which significantly
and persistently affects child’s activities of daily living, i.e. dressing up, eating,
personal hygiene, organization, leisure time and play. A child with DCD is slower to
perform such activities, and with more difficulties. In our qualitative research, we compared
five five-year-old children with DCD. We analyzed their independence in activities
of daily living through observation and interviews with their mothers and their kindergarten
teachers. Results showed that they all had difficulties in activities of daily living,
such as slowness in activities of daily living execution, difficulties in dressing up, difficulties
in feeding themselves, special features in personal care, special features in their
play and special features in other activities of daily living.
Key word: children, developmental coordination disorder, preschool, activities of daily living, difficulties
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Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy as discipline with established methods is a relatively
new sub-class of Animal Facilitated Therapy. Its main characteristic is including a horse
as a tool to work with individuals, couples, familys or groups. Because of that it is known
as one of the most unique clinical practices that have emerged in recent years. Equine Facilitated
Psychotherapy is solution-focused, experiental approach, in which knowledge of
riding a horse is not particularly important. A number of popular and professional resources
report that it is an effective form of psychotherapy, which can be used to improve
wellbeing and to adress various mental health issues. This article contains information
about characteristic elements of this type of psychotherapy, gathered with critical analysis
of the literature.
Key words: equine assisted psychotherapy, psychotherapy, horse, metaphor, mirroring, transference,
ethics
STUDIES
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The article examines the role of the spectators in Greek tragic festivals through the sinthesis
of evolutionary functions of laughter and sexuality, the analysis of the cognitive
structure of archaic rituals, the meaning of the greek theatre architecture, and the main
differences between tragedy and comedy. Thereby, the link between laughter, sexuality
and play becomes of central importance. The lack of signs for laughter and sexuality in
the Greek tragedy means that the playing character of tragedy has to be constructed
through catharsis.
Key words: ancient poetry, tragedy, comedy, catharsis, evolution, laughter, sexuality
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The article is a comparative study of anorexia nervosa as a modern form of starving, and
massive starvation of women saints in high middle ages. It problematizes the identification
of those two very different and distant phenomena on the basis of the medieval case
of italian saint Catherine of Siena. The article focuses mainly on cultural context of
starving. It tries to improve comprehension of medieval ascetical practice, called imitatio
Christi, and to find out if medieval saints are truly the first cases of anorectics.
Key Words: Catherine of Siena, Imitatio Christi, Holy Anorexia, Anorexia Nervosa, medieval female mystics
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Child’s reversals, pronoun reversal (You for I) for expressing himself (and adequate reversal
of verb forms marked for person etc.) and the use of his mother’s proper name Ana instead
of the use of common name mother/mummy, appeared in his second year of life and
disappeared before reaching three years and a half. The pronoun You for self-reference and
the name ana, which the child occasionally used it as common name synonymously with
the name mother/mummy at his age of three, were at this age restricted to subject or to
vocative use and so to the nominative form as some sort of a frozen form. Use of the pronoun
You for expressing himself was in function of expressing special distance to potential
reality of the child’s actions and on the contrary with the use of proper name instead of the
adequate common name the child perhaps expressed closeness to the named person. Considerable
supremacy of dyadic type of communication between the child and his mother was
important for the occurrence of both reversals. Nevertheless, we also consider certain influence
of the phonetical, grammatical and pragmatic features of the Slovene language.
Key words: child language development, pronoun reversal, appellativisation, semantics, reference, dyadic communication, frozen form
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Despite contemporary general awareness of human rights, the prevailing commitment to
them (although this commitment has often only rhetorical value) and their international
legal validity, were the latter in the past and in modern times also subject to criticism.
Generally, but not necessarily, is the criticism of human rights related to the criticism of
liberalism, individualism, and liberal-democratic values. The author deals with examples
of criticism of human rights by Karl Marx, Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt and
determines to what extent, if at all, is their criticism related to the emergence of totalitarian
elements in their theoretical orientation.
Key words: Human rights, totalitarianism, Karl Marx, Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt, criticism
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