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Anthropos 1–2 (237-238) 2015
PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
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In present research we wanted to discover the relationship between personality dimensions, value orientations, and juvenile delinquency. We used two personality questionnaires, a value scale, and a self-reporting scale of delinquent behaviour on the sample of 199 adolescents living in educational institutions and at home. We discovered that juvenile delinquents have higher psychoticism, they are more emotionally unstable and are less pleasant, less conscientious and less reliable. Delinquents also reach lower levels of the large stability factor, they are characterized by a lower level of general personality adaptation as the main feature of the general personality factor. Juvenile delinquents place more importance on the values of power and they reach higher levels of the large dionisic value category.
Keywords: juvenile delinquency, personality dimensions, general personality factor, value orientations
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The article adresses self-regulation on a strictly theoretical level and tries to describe it from the point of view of different paradigms. It starts off by examining some of the more influential theories of self-regulation and tries to reveal the duality of the concept. It continues by pointing out the social origin of self-regulation and its dialogic quality which is aquired through early diadic relations between the child and its caregivers. Furthermore, the importance of distance from the actual moment/situation is punctuated as a requirement for self-regulation to be understood as a tool for planning. In order to supercede duality a relational approach is taken into consideration and different factors are pointed out as possible referential points of an interpreter. The article concludes by considering some of the early psychoanalytic ascertainments, trying to put the third point into context and adding the structure. Conclusion also contains a possible grafic representation of self-regulation.
Key words: self-regulation, language, relational approach, ego ideal
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The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and The Big Five in a sample of Slovenian adults. The sample consisted of 139 participants (50 males and 89 females). Average age was 38,02 years (SD = 11,91 years). The participants filled out two questionnaires: the Big five Inventory BFI (John, Donahue and Kentle, 1991) and the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire ESCQ (Takšič, 1998). The results show statistically significant positive correlations between emotional intelligence and extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, statistically non-significant positive correlations with emotional stability and agreeableness.
Keywords: emotional intelligence, the Big Five, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, multidimensional scaling
PHILOSOPHY AND THE WORLD
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Computers and computer sets is a new tool that is rapidly developing into a complex product, a new means of mass communication. Therefore, it can be described and scientifically examined as a technology, a tool and a medium of communication. So the question is: which of the existing scientific theory allows us to most accurately and fully describe the phenomenon of the digital technology and its relations with people? The first part of the paper is devoted to scientific ignorance concerning the relation people – the Internet, so generally speaking, all the issues about which we do not know that we do not know. The second part is an attempt of introducing a conceptual apparatus, which gives a chance of proper and possibly full understanding of the essence and scope of the influence of contemporary digital technique on human beings.
Key words: Artificial intelligence, cognitive science, media determinism, transhumanism
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Sloterdijk understands philosophy as its place comprehended in thoughts, this means that philosophy not concerns only history, but also globalization, i.e. existential appropriation of space. The space is in a philosophical sense the big unknown of the modern world, Sloterdijk is most interested in psychodynamic interpersonal space named sphere. Individuals are entities that contains each other, which means that they ecstatic participate in a joint installation and order of the world. According to Sloterdijk the globalization process ends with a capitalist system which is illustrated with the metaphor of Crystal Palace, although Sloterdijk actually does not believe in the supremacy of Western civilization and the power of money. People are essential and much more than just an appendage of the economy and the servants of a system, that is why ethics should be the cornerstone of creating psyhodynamic interpersonal space and guides us on the path of civilization.
Key words: Peter Sloterdijk, philosophical theory of globalization, ethics, Crystal Palace
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Fundamental impulse to challenge question about relation between truth and oblivion in Heidegger is allocated in term - ἀλήθεια. The relation and construction has been outlined by Heidegger himself, but however it hasn’t gained any significant role in studies of scholars. Aim of this paper is to show how relation between truth and oblivion is of fundamental relevance for understanding Heidegger’s thought. With method of synthesis and analogy we will try to show how this relation is developed in his thought and then try to bring new light to the Oblivion of Being.
Key words: Heidegger, truth, oblivion, untruth, Being
EDUCATION, AESTHETICS AND ANTHROPOLOGY
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This paper presents a critical analysis of the meaning of technology from the philosophical, sociological, anthropological and pedagogical points of view. Four theories of anthropology are explained, amongst which the most dangerous two are: the deterministic theory (promoted in practice by technogarhs) and the catastrophic theory (promoted by extreme pessimists): Totalisation of technology is being developed in the frame of the anthropocentric dualistic instrumentalistic and mechanicistic paradigm. On the other hand the ecological and holistic paradigms are slowly working their way to the forefront. It is however represented by some alternative pedagogical concepts helping students to find their sense of life. These concepts are recognisable by pedagogical orientations according to Frankl, Lukas, Krishnamurti and Fink, pedagogical movements of Reggio Emilia, the pedagogy of listening, Waldorf and Montessori pedagogy, and the quality school according to W. Glasser. Within the education for sense of life it is ethical to use new technologies according to human needs, no longer following the growing artificial needs. The paper aims to show how charity organisations, local social cooperatives and alternative pedagogical methods help us in finding new ways of humanising opposed to technological totalisation.
Key words: philosophy, anthropology, pedagogy, technology, technogarchy, education for sense of life
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This article is dealing with the question of the influence of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language on the change of poetic paradigm from modern to postmodern. The author attempts to provide an answer to the question how the crisis actually came about and what where the proposals for its solution, claiming that, in the specific period of time, it was the concept of language-games played the decisive role in the revision of the goals and meaning of poetry.
Key words: Wittgenstein, ordinary language poetry, language-games, Marjorie Perloff
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This article shows the evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative research of shapes and colours’ semantic and aesthetic judgements in the art matter of the painting "Aurulum" by Bridget Riley. This research deals with and tries to respond to the issue on the viewers’ perception of a certain art structure. Its objectives are classified in several categories. In the first one we have tried to find out what kind of associativities arise from the artwork. In the second one the purposes of the research have been to find out what the assessments of the motives from the perspectives of the semantic dimensions and the impacts of the art elements, above all of shapes and colours on the perception of the art syntax are. Moreover, our aim has also been to prove that shapes and colours are those essential factors which influence the perception of the optical impression. The aim of the study has also been to determine whether there are any differences among males and females in the perception of the art work. The analysis of the research shows that the visual field "Aurulum" expresses a rich associativity, especially with the positive connotations. Participants’ semantic links have been classified into several categories. Furthermore, it has been found out that the respondents have assessed the painting "Aurulum" as a predominantly beautiful and a really positive work of art. In addition, colours have been the essential factors influencing the perception of the art matter. The research results have also showed us that there have been some differences in the perception of the semantic dimensions among males and females.
Key words: associativity, color, art conceptualization, shape, semantic dimensions, art field, visual perception.
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In the paper illness representations are considered from the anthropological viewpoint. The central part is dedicated to the cancer representations and five dimensions of illness: identity (symptoms and label), cause, cure, time-line and consequences. The main emphasis is on the explanation of causes of illness and influences they have on individuals, and on how patients confront with the illness. Although illness representations are changing, these changes are slow and often do not follow new scientific discoveries. Many times they just reflect old viewpoints connected with taboos and stigmas. Illness representations are strongly present in our society and have a significant influence on how individuals and their surrounding accept the illness, explain it and cope with it. It is therefore of great importance to investigate these representations and recognize negative stereotypes and stigmas, as well as try to make people aware of them and make them disappear by providing more adequate information.
Key words: medical anthropology, illness representations, cancer, explanations
REVIEWS
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