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Anthropos 1–2 (233-234) 2014
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH
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Sociosexual orientation is about dividing individuals according to their sociosexual behaviour, sociosexual attitude and sociosexual desire; to those with a rather restricted sociosexual orientation and those with a rather unrestricted one. The former feel more inclined to monogamy, they have negative attitude towards extramarital sex and do not often fantasise about such kinds of sexuality. The latter’s behaviour is more promiscuous, they report on frequent fantasies about having sex with people outside their partner relationships, and have more permissive attitude towards having sex outside a partner relationship. The paper focuses on the differences in psychosocial factors and sociosexuality, it sheds light on the importance of genetic background, compared to the characteristics of the primary environment for the development of sociosexual orientation, and also places sociosexuality into a cultural context.
Keywords: sociosexual orientation, partner relationships, permissive sociosexual orientation, restrictive sociosexual orientation.
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The aim of our research was to shed light on the psychological characteristics of infertile couples who opt for treatment with IVF. We wanted to explore the expression of personality traits masculinity and femininity, self-concept and life satisfaction as well as to establish links between the studied characteristics. The study included 30 infertile couples who entered the process of IVF treatment in Gynaecological clinic in Ljubljana, 26 couples who already have children and 29 couples who were not planning to have one yet. Interesting findings were that men from infertile couples had higher expressed feminine characteristics than fathers, suggesting on androgyny. Higher expressed feminine and masculine characteristics were positively related with life satisfaction. In comparison between women from infertile couples and mothers, we found lower life satisfaction of infertile women in the field of family and friendship relations, from which we deduce a certain degree of social exclusion, due to problems with fertility.
Key words: infertility, self-concept, life satisfaction, masculinity and femininity
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We began a review of theoretical and empirical research links and relationships between the constructs of psychological well-being, life satisfaction and psychological well-being, satisfaction with partner relationship and experience of interpersonal relationships in pairs during the period from adolescence to middle adulthood. We used four reliable questionnaires, which were independently translated the scale of satisfaction with partner relationship (Hendrick, 1988). On a sample of 134 participants who formed 67 pairs, we confirmed that gender differences in these constructs do not exist. Differences between age groups in the psychological well-being are not, but occurred in satisfaction of a partnership approach. The use value of research goes into many areas of our everyday life and leaves an open space for further research and action in the field of increasing psychological wellbeing in people of different ages.
Keywords: psychological well-being, subjective emotional well-being, psychological well-being, satisfaction with partner relationship, experiencing interpersonal relationships.
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The well-known International association for the study of pain (ISAP) definition of pain as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.’ implicitly acknowledges the important role of psychology. It is especially important in persistent, chronic pain with unclear somatic pathology and absence of biological function of protection. This means that pain is not a simple consequence and measure of the damage of the tissues, but a complex process of many biological-somatic, psychological and social factors. That is why the comprehensive research and clinical practice of chronic pain treatment must consider a broad psychosocial aspect that includes - besides determination of pain type with its basic neurophysiology and pathology - sensory, affective, motivational, behavioural and cognitive dimension, including biological and eventual psychological function. Within such concept of pain the dichotomy between organic and psychogenic pain has no sense. These are the topics of the present treatise, but this kind of systematic exploration is just a stage to the main aim: to alleviate the pain and reduce pain related disability.
Key words: pain, psychological factors of pain, pain classification, chronic pain, psychogenic pain
PHILOSOPHY RESEARCH
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Even nowadays, the Frankfurt School still proves highly influential. The name which comes most adamantly to the fore here is Jürgen Habermas, who is currently believed to be the most influential German philosopher. The article addresses certain aspects of his thought, related to the issues of the concept of alienation, which proves to be one of the most prominent notions of his socio-critical thought. In Habermas, Marx’s concept of alienation, refined through Max Weber and George Lukács, acquires a topical re-actualisation, its effects described by Habermas, within the context of today’s reified facts, with the help of the notion of “inner colonialization”. The article also warns us that, already in Germany of the 19th century, the word culture was wedded to the right-wing orientation, because sociology as such was characterised as socialist, and the word society was deemed a leftist phenomenon, which is also determinedly present in Habermas and the Frankfurt School.
The present time, characterised by ambiguousness and inability of offering radical alternatives, sees philosophy take refuge in ethical oases. However, the ethicisation of the world still calls for a line of argumentation embedded in the most topical social affairs. As strongly emphasises, the philosopher is obliged to take a moral point of view, together with a universal claim for the grounding of what involves the ethical dimension of existence in contemporary society, i.e. in the most global sense of the word. Habermas strongly underpins the “non-substantial concept of morality”, which aspires to rob ethics of its repressive element, which played a crucial role in the formation of humanity throughout European history. The article thus underpins the non-repressive character of Habermas’ ethics of discourse, characteristic for its “intelligent self-limitation”, since it endeavours to distance itself from all attempts at grounding the “good” according to the traditionalist substantialist pattern, which pushes ethics into a construction project. And this is why, according to Habermas, the moral point of view calls for a certain “humble self-understanding of moral theory” as well as for the “ascetic conception” of ethics.
Key words: Jürgen Habermas, the Frankfurt School, alienation, ethics of discourse, society, culture
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The article addresses Nietzsche’s attempt at shaking the ground of Christian religion, through the reflection on the problem of nihilism and morality. In doing so, the present treatise proves the fruitless nature of all attempts at using Nietzsche for a cheap and populist discreditation of Christian religion, as well as reveals the importance of Nietzsche’s legacy for a later, and even severer critic of the philosophy of religion, Martin Heidegger.
Key words: Nietzsche, Heidegger, philosophy of religion, morality, nihilism
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The present article beholds a hermeneutic inquiry into Kierkegaard’s character as a writer, which consists of how he analyses philosophical and Christian categories. The intention of this article is to emphasize the importance of Socratic maieutic in Kierkegaard’s pseudonymous way of writing, which he uses to navigate his reader towards inward understanding of such categories. Our main focus will rest upon the category of repetition. In accordance with its literary scheme the category of repetition also represents a paradigm for post-metaphysical ethics, the starting point of which is individuality. Works upon which we base our inquiry are as follow: Kierkegaard’s works Repetition and The Point of View of my Work as an Author, Repar’s book: Kierkegaard – Existential Communication and the work of Eriksen’s work: Kierkegaard’s Category of Repetition.
Key words: repetition, maieutic, appropriation, inter-essential, existential disjunction, becoming, reduplication, will, pseudonym, narration, communication of potentiality.
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The treatment with dead bodies or human remains was in the past mostly within the domain of interests of professional public. It has treated posthumous remains mostly instrumental, objectively and in accordance with the rules of each profession. This attitude is changing in recent time for several reasons. The unsuitable handling with human remains was first warned by some aboriginal peoples and the requirements of some countries regarding the repatriation of remains. With the development of methods of identifying of ancestors, there were arising many questions connected with integrity and narrative identity of some individual historical personalities as well as dead people founded in mass graves. The question is manifold. First, we are asking for the interests of science and public in research of dead persons and how the public interest influences the handling of scientists. Particularly, we are interested how new knowledge affect ethical thinking, and the mere understanding of ethics as reorienting of attention as well as the present-time consciousness. We will try to show it in some cases.
Key words: bioethics, human remains, narrative identity, rights, dead, subject, present-time consciousness.
STUDIES
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We explore cultural differences in relation to demographic factors of potential acquirers of real estate right. We support the hypothesis defining that the observed differences of demographic factors (gender, age, education, marital status, number of children, location of residence, ownership of property, type of property, employment and the monthly amount spent for solving the housing problem) of potential acquirers of real estate right, in Slovenia and Japan, are statistically significant. The main instrument for measuring the level of the participants’ accordance is a questionnaire in which 1270 participants took part. By analysing results of statistical analyses we confirmed the hypothesis. The results show that the Slovenian participants are dominated by female participants. Most participants are in relationship, with no children. Research shows that Slovenian participants have more numerous households. Compared with the Japanese is the Slovenian housing policy characterized by relatively low availability of owner-occupied housing.
Key words: acquirers of real estate right, demographic characteristic, comparison of culture, Slovenia, Japan
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In this article, we study the concept of social exclusion from the point of view of social inequality that surpasses the dimension of the material capital “to have” and that focuses on the dimension of social capital, which is the position of individuals in society, their habitus. In other words, this is what determines the opportunities and possibilities of individuals for their integration, belonging, connection, acceptance, realization and social upward mobility. We understand and present the concept of social exclusion like the consequence of a small income, poverty, unemployment, lack of social security, isolation and anomie. In this article, we present the social and political responsibility for the phenomenon of social exclusion and its influence on the children’s educational and psychosocial achievements.
Key words: poverty, social exclusion, educational competences, psychosocial competences, youth’s social vulnerability, school leavers, educational system, parent’s formation, good school
REVIEWS
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