|
Anthropos 1–2 (221–222) 2011
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH
-
Structural models are in the focus of personality psychology already for decades. Yet only recently, the empirical psychological research yielded the results that convincingly show the existence and importance of the General Factor of Personality (GFP, the Big One). Consequently, the existent hierarchical models of personality structure should be modified to the essential extent. This study reviews the research results, which demonstrate the nature, psychological content and the cultural and bioevolutionary roots of GFP, the correlations between GFP and other significant non-cognitive psychological variables and the role and importance of GFP in the structural hierarchy of personality dimensions. This hierarchy contains several levels of generality with the GFP at the apex (the pyramidal model of personality structure).
Keywords: Personality, personality structure, basic dimensions of personality, Big Five, Big Two, Big One, General Factor of Personality (GFP)
-
This study investigates the relations between cognitive ability, self-understanding, and personality. That is, the study was designed to specify if reasoning ability in different domains and self-evaluation and self-representation in these domains are related to each of the Big Five factors of personality. The general assumption, which is suggested by a number of recent studies, is that there indeed are relations between these three distinct dimensions (i.e., cognition, self-understanding, and personality) of the person. This study aspires to further decipher and clarify these relations. The results revealed that personality is variably related to cognitive functioning and cognitive self-representations. Specifically, cognitive ability was significantly but weakly related to only two of the dimensions of personality, namely openness and conscientiousness. On the other hand, there was very high positive correlation between the general self-representation factor and openness to experience, and moderate correlations with extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness.
Keywords: cognitive ability, self-evaluation, self-representation, personality, development
-
Relationship satisfaction is determined by various factors such as economic and social security of partners, their constructive problem solving, mutual compacts reaching, parental supportive behaviour and their adult attachment.
Our study has been designed to examine the differences in relationship satisfaction and adult attachment of married and cohabiting couples. Two hundred and sixty-five heterosexual couples participated in the study. Couples were asked to complete the questionnaire Experience in Close Relationship-Revised (ECRU-R) (Chris R. Fraley & Waller, 1998; Chris R. Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000) and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMS)(Schumm, et al., 1986).
As predicted results showed higher relationship satisfaction for married than cohabiting couples. There was a general trend for more securely attached partners to be more satisfied in the relationship than less securely attached. Surprisingly, the connection between adult attachment and relationship satisfaction differed in relation to participants’ gender; wives were more securely attached than cohabiting women, while the difference in attachment between husbands and cohabiting men was not significant.
Keywords: marriage, cohabitation, relationship satisfaction, adult attachment.
-
The article presents the feeding situation in the oral stage. Feeding will be discussed as an axis at which a relation between a child and a mother is regulated.
The first part of the article describes some differences in infant feeding methods and exposes the difference in an infant's ability to regulate food intake.
The second part of the article examines the social value of feeding, the infant feeding method will be presented as a measure of motherhood and as a factor of mother-infant relation.
Finally, some of the infant's feeding problems and the causes for the occurrence of these disorders that are also reflected in the mother-infant interaction will be reviewed in the last part of the article.
Key words: oral stage, breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, “good mother”, measure of motherhood, eating disorders.
PEDAGOGIC RESEARCH
-
Within education there exists a bifurcation of the intellect and moral character - a separation of the pursuit of external knowledge from the acquisition of internal knowledge. Teaching and observing gifted students within a regular classroom setting gives a unique perspective on this dilemma, as gifted students demonstrate so clearly the need for nurturing the moral dimension as well as the mind. A framework synthesized from the works of Dewey and Guilford explicates basic structural components of the intellectual and moral dimensions. Understanding these deep structures helps teachers establish the complexity of learning, teaching and environment needed to meet both the intellectual and moral development needs of gifted students.
Key words: nurturing moral dimensions, education of mind of gifted pupils
-
The article represents an integral overview of the peer relations research in school children and adolescents in the field of different fields of psychology. Key research traditions in examining peer relations, current research trends and research answers to some important applied questions regarding the value and role of peers in students' school adjustment are presented. Three most frequently used measures of peer relations are described: students' social/sociometric status in the classroom (within it two-dimensional sociometric classification systems, factors of social acceptance and current distinction between sociometric and peer perceived popularity), friendship relations and social networks.
Key words: peer relations, research, students, sociometry, popularity, friendship, social networks
PHILOSOPHY RESEARCH
-
The article presents some themes of the philosophy of music that can be found in contemporary literature, and it is a kind of overview on the ways of reflection in conceptualizing music in philosophy. With the account on some specific themes and contents, mainly two fields of philosophy of music are exposed: ontology and phenomenology. The work points out also the fact, that these two fields of philosophy define music mostly in terms of the concept of the musical work, and searches possible approaches that would manage to understand music as whole. The concluding part of the article briefly points out some issues about Slovenian literature of the field.
Key words: Philosophy of music, ontology, phenomenology, the essence of music
-
The article draws attention to the unsaid dimension of Plato's dialogue Parmenides, which calls for renewed reflection and brings a certain newness from one of the oldest topics. The crucial aspect is the differentiation between henology and ontology, by means of which one can assume a critical distance from the priority of the one and identity and recognize the primacy of being.
Key words: Plato, Parmenides, the one, being, attunement
-
In diesem Beitrag erhellt der Verfasser die Grundansätze von Šarčevićs Kritik der Moderne und des aus ihr hervorgehenden „Eurozentrismus“, „Kolonialismus“ und heutigen „Globalismus“, zuerst ausgehend von der Auseinandersetzung zwischen der auf dem europäischen Typus der Vernünftigkeit beruhenden „Diskursethik“ (Apel, Habermas) und der konkreten lebensweltlichen „Befreiungsethik“ in lateinamerikanischen Ländern (E. Dussel, R. Fornet-Betancourt u.a.), um zu zeigen, dass eine universalistische Ethik nur dann möglich ist, „wenn wir verstehen können, wie ein Chinese oder Franzose denkt“ (A. Salazar Bondy). Daran anknüpfend werden mit Šarčević die neuesten asiatischen Erfahrungen der Notwendigkeit einer neuen Selbstverständigung und Selbstgestaltung dortiger Lebenswelten zu Geltung gebracht, die darauf hinweisen, dass die gewaltlose Interkulturalität nur unter der Vorrausetzung der Unverletzlichkeit und Unzurückführbarkeit einer kulturellen Lebenswelt auf irgendwelche, nicht aus ihr selbst stammende Art der Vernünftigkeit, Kultur, Produktion usw. möglich ist. Und, drittens, werden aufgrund dieser zwei Erfahrungen diejenigen Gründen ins Betracht genommen, aus denen Šarčević Europa trotzdem als „Horizont der Hoff nung“ ansieht, in dem die in Bosnien lebende, geschichtlich stark verbundene bosniakische, kroatische und serbische und heute leider so gespaltene Bevölkerung auch ihre gemeinsame Zukunft wieder bauen, die neuen Wegen der Verständigung finden muss, auf denen sie die neuesten Wunden des Krieges überwinden werden kann. Dabei geht Šarčević mit Gadamer von der grundlegenden Einsicht aus: „Wir sind alle Andere, und wir sind alle wir selbst“. Ohne diese Voraussetzung gibt es - so Šarčević - weder Identität noch Freiheit noch Frieden noch Toleranz.
Schlüsselwörter: Šarčević, Bosna, diskurzivna etika, etika osvoboditve, življenjski svet
-
There are many scientists who affirm Karl Rahner as one of the most important world's theologians, who triggered, because of his characteristic approach and his sometimes margin-walking theory, a lot of criticism. Based on his gigantic write, the assessors are taking him as a traditionalist, who in his research and quest of Christian truth discovers the ways which can be the ground for a mistaken understanding (comprehension) of faith’s doctrine and moral teachings. Rahner’s interesting mind about the pluralism of theology could also be a cause of bewilderment, which was the case with cardinal Balthasar’s critics against some Rahner’s statements.
In his traditional approach, Rahner placed great emphasis on incarnation and eschatology as well as mediation. Exceptional contribution to the Church was given in his discussions on and viewpoints of God’s mercy, naturalness, sacraments and God’s works. He also paid attention to the common connections between Catholic Church and Orthodox and Evangelical (Protestant) Church and treatises on the importance of ecumenical dialog.
In his books, Rahner ascertains that Christianity, although it addressed all people and had the ambition of becoming a world religion, was able to live by itself, based on its own historical roots. But the Christianity wants to be a world religion and actually has a great opportunity to be one. As a World Religion, the Christianity could open one of the ways to solve perhaps the most fundamental problem of today: forgetting of God.
Key words: Religion, Christianity, faith, anthropology of religion, the transcendental, horizontalism, dechristianization
STUDIES
-
The main focus of the article is a centuries-long debate on the nature of God and the possibility of His depiction. Is it possible to represent Him with an image or, quite contrarily, is such an image prohibited in the Holy Scriptures? Roped up to the previous presentation of Christian and Jewish views on the matter, the article discusses how this issue is applied to Islam and Islamic art as the means of communication between a Muslim and his God.
Key Words: Islam, representation of God, idolatry, John of Damascus
-
The composing the questionnaire is part of a wider research carried out in two cultural contexts, in Slovenia and Japan, and has the fundamental objective to identify factors, which are crucial for the potential buyers of real estate in deciding on the purchase of the property, analyse any differences between these expectations and existing legislation in real estate and to determine whether the modern economic environment is positively associated with these expectations.
In composing the questionnaire we took into consideration the directions according to Tarik (1990) and took the questionnaire composed of three sets presenting the multiple-layered problem of the research as a central tool for measuring expectations of the participants.
This paper investigates the application of personal and external factors relevant to the construction of a questionnaire for the measurement of the expectations of potential acquirers of real estate. The questionnaire was statistically analysed with factor analysis and reliability of the questionnaire.
Key words: expectations, potential buyers of real estate, personal expectations, external expectations, the composition of the questionnaire.
-
Why should anyone worry? Because of stress employees do not start civil disputes. If they fall ill, they get medical treatment, if they cannot take the pressure, they will surely resign. Because the organization has no conclusive evidence that stress really influences the end result of a business activity the employees are still working. Managers do not care if hidden behind an apparent loyalty there is alienation towards work and the organization. With their styles of leading the companies and solving conflicts founded on the following paradigm: “This is my playground and here you will build castles only if I allow it. Otherwise I will trample your castle and oust you from the playground”, they are performing different forms of mobbing under the employees. The article gives an overview of how Slovenian companies and individuals – employees are dealing with stressful situations and at the same time compares the organizations ILO, EU-OSHA and WHO which are fighting against the “plague” of the 21st century.Keywords: stress, burn out syndrome, economic crisis, ILO, EU-OSHA, WHO
REVIEWS
|
|
|
