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Anthropos 1-2 (245-246) 2017
PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
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The present article answers the question how one of the most important theoretical orientation
within the research field of psychology of intimate relationship, i.e. interdependence
theory, understands the dynamics between individuals' tendencies for relatedness and for
autonomy and how it addresses the possibilities of this antagonism's resolution if they are
even considered. Firstly, key assumptions of working model of interdependent mind,
which main purpose is to regulate interpersonal distance between partners involved in an
intimate relationship, are presented. Analysis of specific concepts within this model shows
that intimate relationships are seen as posing a threat to individual's well-being, while the
mentioned tendencies are considered antagonistic and the resolution of conflict between
them impossible. Lastly, we imply the importance of self-esteem for broader understanding
of relationship between an individual and his social environment.
Key words: interdependence theory, autonomy, relatedness, intimate relationships, self-esteem
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Among family relations, sibling relationship has been the least researched. Despite that,
previous research shows that among children and adolescents the quality of sibling relationship
correlates with the quality of other relationships, self-concept and mood. Our
study shows similar results. We were interested in how sibling relationship correlates with
self-concept and depression in adolescence. We used data of 99 pupils in 7th through 9th
grade who had at least one sibling. They completed Sibling Relationship Questionnaire
(SRQ, Furman & Buhrmester, 1985), Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ II, Marsh,
1992) and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC,
Weissman, Orvaschel & Padian, 1980). Results show statistically significant relationships
between three dimensions of Sibling Relationship Questionnaire — warmth, conflict
and rivalry — and self-concept and depression. Warmth correlates with most dimensions
of self-concept, followed by rivalry. Conflict significantly correlates with only
three dimensions of self-concept. Power doesn't correlate with self-concept or depression.
Key words: sibling relations, self-concept, depression, adolesc
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Scientific concepts, models and theories of pain were being developed in many points of
view: considering causality and complexity from simple, linear to multicausal, systemic;
considering basic paradigm from energy to information; considering main neuroanatomic
site from peripheral to central; considering level of study from physiological to
psychosocial; considering type of pain from acute to chronic. They originate from tradition,
philosophy, medicine and psychology and in the course of time the most of them
were including more and more factors. The important ones from the psychological point
of view are central psychophysiological gate theory with neuromatrix, and models of
chronic pain – psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral (fear-avoidance, acceptance
and commitment, misdirected problem-solving) and integrative. Each one of
them completes the notion of pain and high-lights psychological processes and their interactions
that were overlooked until then. Adopted background models of pain determine
direction of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, their aims, methods, efficiency criteria
and therapist-patient relation that is why the knowledge of them is important not
only theoretically but also practically in therapeutic treatment.
Key words: pain, chronic pain, gate theory, psychodynamic concepts of pain, cognitive-behavioural
models of pain
POLITICS, AESTHETICS, METAPHYSICS
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The main aim of the article is to re-think the essence of politics and its political nature
regardless the contemporary dissatisfaction. Based on this we try to define the dimensions
of politics while emphasising its relationship with law. We highlight two main thesis: a)
politics should be primarily in the service of Justice – including issues about fair political
order, policies and laws, and b) politics should always cooperate with the law to some
extent. We explain this with the most traditional approach within the political science
(normative theoretical approach) which is dealing with questions about analysing the
empirical facts (»what is the social and political status quo like«) as well as with ethical
questions (»what should political and social status be like«). The contribution of this
article is therefore on the crossroad between ethical and normative.
Key words: politics, power, justice, law, (normative) political theory
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Danko Grlić is no doubt one of the most influential Croatian Marxist philosophers. As
author of an outstanding oeuvre, he has also established himself as the founder of the
philosophical journal Praxis, which once enjoyed great reputation aomng Yugoslav and
world Marxist philosophers. Grlić's basic philosophical research field is certainly philosophy
of art, and even here we are more than justified to emphasize his great contribution to Croatian philosophy after WWII. His Marxist advancement of creative freedom and art in modern society, grounded on this premise, has often witnessed strong opposition on the part of other Marxist philosophers who fort he most part advanced – erroneously,
according to Grlić - the theory of immitation. In his heated debate with his opponents,
Grlić endeavoured to show that their views cannot find grounding in the teaching of
Karl Marx, and are, instead, examples of vulgarization of his teachings. His criticism
was also directed at thinkers who were not cnsidered Marxist, and he also criticized those
sociologists, psychologists and biologists who felt the urge to ground art with extra-artistic
criteria. With his endeavours, Grlić also distanced himself from the basic assumtions of
the Baumgarten's concept of aesthetics, more specifically within the context of the greater
role of art in society. In this sense, Grlić had little or no difficulties of accepting even the
total negation of the need for aesthetics. His philosophical thought on art is entirely directed
towards the establishment of a new relationship between society and art, in which
art – through self-afirmation as free activity – would assume the role of the afirmation
of man as a free individual in a society of free people. His specific approach to dealienation
thus makes Grlić a true heir of Marx's thought.
Key words: Danko Grlić, aesthetics, Marxism, philosophy of art
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In the paper the author analyzes the conception of human nature in the political thought
of Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Hobbes. Human nature represents the central supposition
in theoretical analysis of politics which determines the way of establishing political
relations in society. Augustine’s sinful man and Hobbes’s natural man are the products
of political relations analysis in different historical circumstances, namely later antique’s
slave society and early modern capitalistic society, but they share a common
human characteristic, namely vanity, for which Adam and Eve were forced to leave the
pre-political paradise, while the natural man was forced to leave the pre-political natural
state and to establish a contract relation with which political community is created
in which his natural rights are protected more efficiently. Both moments are turning to
be encouraged by the question of respecting property rights, divine and human. To have
a private property at disposal it turns out to be as possible only when the political power
is established which has to play a role of repairman of human character consequences, on
the basis of which a man is not ready to admit human equality, is trying to submit and to reach into property of a fellow man. One of the main tasks of political power is turning out to be a stabilization of property relations in society.
Key terms: Augustine; Thomas Hobbes; property; sinful man; natural man
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Interpreters of Wittgenstein’s philosophy consider his philosophy in two different ways:
either as discontinuity or as continuity. If the classical interpretation interprets Wittgenstein’s
philosophy as two completely different philosophies, which mutually exclude each
other, the therapeutic interpretation on the contrary argues for the permanent and interconnected
character of Wittgenstein’s texts.
The paper introduces the main theses for therapeutic interpretation, which looks for arguments
in favour of continuity in therapy, as the common method of both early and late
Wittgenstein’s philosophy. The paper presents and explains the reasons for the therapeutic
interpretation of Tractatus, which understands the method of Tractatus as therapy rather
than logical analysis of sentences. The therapeutic method acts therapeutically on the
reader of Tractatus, as it brings him to a realization that philosophical problems are to
be found in the metaphysical way of thinking.
Key words: Wittgenstein, therapeutic interpretation, therapy, metaphysics, continuity, method
STUDIES
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Jazz became the music most associated with film noir. The key movie was
The Wild One, starring Marlon Brando who personified the noir hero, or antihero.
He was looking for trouble, any trouble. Great jazz figures were drawn to
the noir form, and there was a noir style of music. West Coast trumpeter Shorty
Rogers had 4 tunes in Leith Stevens great score. Great jazz stars Bud Shank, Jimmy
Giuffre, Shelley Manne and Henry Mancini followed. The TV show Peter
Gunn soon appeared and kept great jazz musicians working. Jazz became the
sound of the hard-boiled detective and the noir film.
Key Words: film noir, jazz, movies, TV, antihero, music style, music and culture
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In modern western society, the care for human health, one of the core human values and
the essential aspect of a person’s well-being, is institutionally assigned to conventional
medicine. This is why the status that is assigned to conventional medicine by the society
and the medicine’s character are of great meaning, for they importantly shape the conceptions
and understanding of health, disease, and even the quality of life. Because its core
paradigm, namely molecular and genetic reductionism, that also defines its scientific
domicile – natural sciences, medicine often misses the essential – the human being.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), based on holism (emergentism), give
great emphasis to the whole and the complexity of human life, this is why conventional
medicine, and CAM would work well together, and in mutual cooperation they could
offer a basis for a health care of much greater quality, and a good prevention.
Key words: medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, reductionism, holism, emergentism, paradigm shift
REVIEWS
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