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mag. Janez Toplišek |
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2. THE FORMS OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 3
2.1 Terminology 3
2.2 Primary and secondary technologies 6
2.2.1 Primary technology examples 7
2.2.1.1 Basic communications technologies 7
2.2.1.2 Networks 7
2.2.2 Data services 9
2.3 Characteristic categories of electronic commerce 13
2.3.1 Transition from data services to electronic transactions/commerce
13
2.3.2 E-commerce categories 15
2.4 E-commerce common features 21
3. ELECTRONIC MESSAGE (RECORD) 25
3.1 Dematerialized transactions 25
3.2 Electronic signing 26
3.2.1 The concept and function of the signature 26
3.2.2 Electronic or digital signature? 30
3.2.3 Technological solutions for electronic signing 30
3.2.3.1 The stated name as a signature 31
3.2.3.2 Group of characters as a signature 31
3.2.3.3 Vocalized name, video message 32
3.2.3.4 Digitized handwritten signature 33
3.2.3.5 Digital signature 37
3.2.3.6 Card-signature 40
3.2.3.7 Biometric methods 41
3.2.3.8 Combined signature methods 41
3.2.4 The needed infrastructure for electronic signing 41
3.2.5 The electronic signature functions summary 46
3.3 Documenting the electronic transactions 49
3.4 Electronic notarization 53
3.5 The legal capacity of electronic message 57
3.5.1 Writing 57
3.5.2 Form requirement 59
3.5.3 Electronic expression of will 61
3.5.4 Offer acceptance 63
3.5.5 Time and place of agreement 64
3.5.6 Electronic message evidence 64
4. ELECTRONIC ADDRESSING 73
4.1 The structure and function of e-address 73
4.2 Global regulation of electronic addressing 76
4.3 Electronic addresses assignment and registration 79
4.4 The name and e-address 83
4.5 Trade mark and domain 88
4.6 Electronic addresses trading 98
5. PROTECTION OF ELECTRONIC DATA 101
5.1 Protection or data security 103
5.2 Informational privacy right 103
5.3 Some technology derived risks 104
5.3.1 Growth disproportion between technology and law 104
5.3.2 Security technologies 105
5.3.3 Communication technologies 105
5.3.4 The forms of data collection and processing 108
5.3.5 Saving and erasing of data 110
5.3.6 Hidden data collecting 111
5.4 The processing of public accessible data 114
5.5 Legal regulation of electronic data protection 115
5.5.1 Rules and principles for all kinds of data 115
5.5.2 Special data groups 117
5.5.2.1 Communication regulations 117
5.5.2.2 Electronic services 119
5.5.2.3 Public administration data 122
5.5.2.4 Health services 123
5.5.2.5 Consumer / user protection 124
5.5.2.6 Public media 128
5.5.2.7 Employee protection 129
5.5.2.8 Specific forms of data processing 131
5.5.2.9 Transborder personal data flows 131
5.5.3 Autonomous regulation and international standards 134
6. PRIVACY 139
6.1 Right to privacy 139
6.2 Privacy in electronic environment 143
6.2.1 Anonymity, pseudonymity 143
6.2.2 Used encryption techniques 145
6.2.3 Obligations of communication operators 148
6.3 Employee privacy 150
6.4 Unsolicited electronic messages 154
7. JURISDICTION IN OPEN ELECTRONIC ENVIRONMENTS
161
7.1 Choice of law - choice of jurisdiction 161
7.2 Virtual space 162
7.3 Jurisdiction of Slovenian court 165
7.4 Jurisdiction of foreign court 167
7.5 Some foreign experiences 168
7.6 Autonomous stipulations and electronic arbitration 170
7.7 Non-legal ways of conflicts resolving 171
8. SEPARATION OF DUTIES AMONG PARTICIPANTS
173
8.1 Participants chain 174
8.2 Telecommunications operator 178
8.3 Internet connection provider 180
8.4 Electronic services provider 183
8.5 Contents provider 190
8.5 1 Provider's own content 195
8.5.2 Others content 197
8.6 Consumer - user 200
8.7 Legal ways of mastering risks 202
9. NEW COPYRIGHT QUESTIONS 205
9.1 New regulations for new circumstances? 207
9.1.1 Electronic authorship 207
9.1.2 Author 210
9.1.3 Legal protection of electronic contents 212
9.2 Non protected electronic contents 216
9.3 Web-linking 218
9.4 Temporary information saving 223
9.5 Personal electronic messages 224
9.6 Conditional access services 225
9.7 Electronic publishing 226
9.8 Electronic data bases 230
9.9 Technical ways for protecting intellectual property 231
9.10 Authorship marking 233
10. NEW WAYS OF ELECTRONIC CONTRACTING 235
10.1 Web site development agreement 236
10.2 Internet marketing agreement 238
10.3 Linking agreement) 241
10.3.1 Linking approval 242
10.3.2 Link license agreement) 242
10.3.3 Revenue-sharing linking agreement) 243
10.4 General business terms 245
10.5 Electronic contracting ("mouse-click-agreement") 248
11. CONSUMER - USER 253
11.1 Electronic consumer and open space 253
11.2 Typical risks and possible solutions 255
11.2.1 New technologies 255
11.2.2 Physical distance and lack of information 255
11.2.3 After-sales risks 256
11.2.4 Fraud, unethical business 256
11.2.5 The right to rescind from contract 257
11.2.6 Payment mechanisms 257
11.2.7 Consumer's effective choices and police cooperation 258
11.2.8 Legal nodes 259
11.3 Electronic provider's responsibility 259
11.4 Global consumer - user 261
12. ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY 265
12.1 Legal and political clearness 267
12.2 Freedom of expression and electronic censorship 269
12.3 Freedom of information 274
12.4 Access to public information 277
12.4.1 The right to public information and to be advised 277
12.4.2 Access to public laws 279
12.4.3 Access to information and rule of law 282
12.4.4 Additional economic capacity 283
12.5 Electronic voting 284
13. ELECTRONIC LEGAL INFORMATION 287
13.1 Legal information 287
13.2 Legal end other sources on the Internet 288
13.3 Intranet and internal hypertext information system 298
13.4 Electronic citing 300
14. MAIN REFERENCES 303
15. GLOSSARY 305
15.1 English - Slovenian glossary 305
15.2 Terms explanations 308
16. ABBREVIATIONS 1