 FOREST ECONOMY
This topic was done during the
whole month. We used different sources from Internet, books to interviews. We learned a
lot and a lot of work was done. We have to say many thanks to Mr Marijan Sebenik, the
manager of the regional Forestry Institute in Nova Gorica, who helped us find most of the
information and informed us about certain topics.The forest is a an important economical resource here in
Slovenia. It is a resource of many important products. From wood we make furniture, paper,
buildings and use it for energy. We pick berries, mushrooms and other forest fruits and
many plants which are used as a medicine. We hunt animals and fish.
Here are our answers to the given questions:
A. How much do you cut
trees annually in your country ( in cubic metres (m3 ))?
In our country we cut around 2.000.000 m3 trees
per year. That is 1 m3 per person in Slovenia.
B. What do you make from
trees? List the products and amount of them if known.
What is the most important way
to use trees in your country?
We mostly use:
- coniferous trees: (spruce, fir, larch, pine) for parts of the buildings
- furnishing buildings (windows, doors etc.), some instruments, electric and telephone
poles, cellulose
- deciduous trees:
for furnishing buildings (beech tree, cherry tree, nut-tree), construction wood
(parquet.), sleepers, for vineyards, for chemical re-making: paper, artificial materials
C. How important forests
are for the economy of
your country?( Value of production, employment ...)
There are at least three important points, functions or values of
the forest:
ecological:
-to protect earth from
sliding, strong winds
-to protect waters (drinking-water)
-biotopic (to preserve animals and
plants-diversities)
-climatic (wind, humidity, air,
oxygen)
social:
-recreation
-tourism
-educational (forest learning paths,
at school craft-making different things from wood)
-health care
-cultural
-natural heritage (ice-cave on Trnovo
Plato with temperature inversion)
-esthetical
production or
manufacturing:
-wood working - it presents around one tenth of Slovenian economy
-in the past more people worked with
wood and made their living with it (charcoal-burning,)
-and hunting (Matija)
-joinery: in the past in Solkan many
people earned their living as joiners (they were well known in Europe and later a
furniture factory replaced their workshops).
Quite a lot of people are
employed in wood production (from paper to furniture), that's around 10%.
Joinery
Joinery was a flourishing trade here from the middle of the 19th century onwards and the
joiners of Solkan were held in high esteem right up to the 1950s, even being celebrated by
our writer Oton Zupančič.
It was the development of
this trade that contributed to Solkan losing its predominantly agricultural character.
Nowadays the trade is dying out.
In 1948 a large furniture factory was opened in the nearest
village Kromberk, based on the joinery workshops from our Solkan.
here is an interview
with one of Solkan joiners.
E. If you harvest forests in your country, are you obliged ( by
law ) to plant new trees?
Our forester organisation
and all that harvest forests are obliged to plant or seed new trees by law.
Slovenian forestry organisation main aims are:
-natural economising in the forest
-many purposes of a forest
-permanence in forests
Foresters take some actions
as:
-to forest those parts that are expected not to be naturally restored. That is, where the
trees and the forest as a whole was damaged by bad weather, great fires, heavy snow,
slides.
In the year 2000:
-1.600.000 new trees of 30 types were planted
-2 150 kg of eight types of seeds were
sieved
People can pick different forest plants and fruits but in a
limited quantity to prevent harm. They mostly pick mushrooms (1 kg per person per day),
chestnut 82 kg per day per person), raspberries, stroberries, blackberries, .
There are about 253 different mushrooms in Slovenia and of course
in our region. Many people pick them, they are very popular in our neighbour country
Italy, so they often come and pick them too.
Click here to see forest fruits. |
 GOZD
IN EKONOMIJA
Temo smo bdelovali skoraj cel mesec. Uporabili smo različne vire od
knjig, enciklopedij, interneta pa do intervjuja z vodjem goriške enote Zavoda za gozdove,
gospodom Marijanom Šebenikom. G. Šebenik nam je pomagal do večine podatkov in nas
opremil z različnimi informacijam, za kar se mu še posebej zahvaljujemo.Tudi v sloveniji je gozd pomemben ekonomski
vir za človeka. je vir različnih proizvodov. Iz gozdnega lesa delamo pohištvo, papir,
hiše in je vir energije-kurjava. V gozdu nabiramo različne gozdne sadeže od mailn do
kostanja, pa tudi veliko zdravilnih rastlin nam ponuja. V gozdu lahko lovimo živali in
ribe.
Zbrali smo odgovore na postavljena
vprašanja.
A. Koliko dreves posekate na
leto v vaši državi (v kubičnih metrih)?
Na leto nasečemo približno
2.000.000 m3 ( za primerjavo: na enega Slovenca pride 1 m3 lesa)
B. Kaj delate iz dreves? Naštej
proizvode in morebitno količino.
Predstavi najpomebnejši način uporabe lesa.
- iglavci (smreka, jelka, macesen,
bor): stavbno pohištvo, instrumenti, električni, telefonski drogovi, celuloza
- listavci: stavbno
pohištvo(bukev, češnja, oreh), gradbeni les (parketi..), železniški pragovi, za
vinograde, kemična predelava: papir, umetne mase
- približno 10% ljudi je zaposlenih v lesno predelovalni industriji
C. kako pomembnen je gozd
za ekonomijo vaše dežele? ( vrednost proizvodnje, zaposlitev...)
Izpostavimo lahko vsaj tri pomembne
funkcije:
ekološka
funkcija:
-varovanje zemljišč in objektov pred plazovi, vetrovi.)
-varovanje voda(stalni izviri pitne vode)
-biotopska (ohranjanje živalske in rastlinske pestrosti ( diverzitete)
-klimatska (veter, vlaga, čiščenje zraka, nastajanje kisika),
socialna f. :
-rekreacijska,
-turizem,
-poučna (gozdne učne poti, tehnični pouk: izdelava predmetov iz lesa - Ivo Erzetič ali
Mojca Milone),
-zdravstvena,
-kulturna
-naravna dediščina (eno od redkih mrazišč, ki je najbolj poznana je Ledenica v
Paradani v Trnovskem gozdu, s trajno temperaturno inverzijo),
-estetska.
Proizvodna:
-lesnoproizvodna - dosega še vedno približno desetino celotnega gospodarstva,
-nekoč je več ljudi živelo od gozda (glažutarstvo, frnaže, oglarji), (Denis
Matežič)
-nekoč mizarstvo bolj razvito kot danes ( Solkanski mizarji iz katerih se je razvila
tovarna Meblo),
-pridobivanje stranskih gozdnih proizvodov
-lovno gospodarska (Andrej, Matija)
Mizarstvo
Vse od
19 stoletja dalje je v Solkanu cvetela mizarska obrt. Solkanski mizarji so bili visoko
cenjeni vse do 50. let tega stoletja. V pesmih jih je ovekovečil tudi slovenski pesnik
Otona Župančič.
Z razvojem mizarske obrti je Solkan počasi izgubljal značaj
kmetijskega kraja.
Dandanes mizarska obrt počasi izumira. V letu 1948 so pod
vplivom tradicije mizarstva v Solkanu odprli prvo tovarno pohištva v bližnjem kraju
Kromberk.
preberite zanimiv intervju z enin
od še aktivnih solkanskih
mizarjev.
E. Če iz gozda jemljete ali ste
prisiljeni (zakonsko) tudi saditi nova drevesa?
Gozdarstvo Slovenije temelji na
načelih:
-sonaravnosti (naravno gospodarjenje v gozdu)
-večnamenskost
-trajnost
Iz tega sledijo ukrepi:
-Pogozduje se samo tam kjer, kjer ni pričakovati naravne obnove. To je mišljeno predvsem
na mestih, kjer so gozd prizadele naravne ujme, požari, snegolomi, plazovi.)
V letu 2000.
-Je bilo posajenioh približno 1.6oo.ooo sadik tridesetih različnih
drevesnih vrst,
-Je bilo raztresenega že 2150 kg semen osmih drevesnih vrst.
F. Smete loviti živali v gozdu? katere so tipične vrste živali?
G. Ali ljudje nabirajo
maline, jagode, gobe v vaših gozdovih? Naštejte napogostejše gozdne sadeže.
Sadeži: Nabiranje v predpisanih količinah brez
povzročanja škode. V kolikor lastnik pridobi na upravni enoti izjavo, a mu določeni
sadeži predstavljajo pomemben vir zaslužka se na teh mestih ne sme nabirati.
- gobe (gobani, mraznica, štorovka, dežnik) Omejitev nabiranja 1 kg/osebo
na dan,
-kostanj: omejitev 2 kg / na osebo na
dan
-maline, jagode, robidnice, škorž, .
Če kliknete tu si lahko
ogledate najpogostejše gozdne sadeže v naših naših
gozdovih. |
