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<�title>Cnc drilling machine<�/title>
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<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#990000"><�font size="+2">Home
made CNC drilling machine<�/font><�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#000000"><�font size="+1">This
article was published in <�/font><�/font><�/font><�a
href="http://www.svet-el.si/"><�img src="se-logo.gif" border="0"
height="71" width="136" align="middle"><�/a>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">CNC drilling machine is a tool
which
is required for drilling of holes in PCB, thaw it can be used for many
other purposes too. The software communicates with machine via serial
port
(COM1...COM4) of PC. The software works
<�span style="text-decoration: underline;">only<�/span> with machine
which has the right micro controller built in.<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#990000">TABLE OF
CONTENTS:<�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#01">WHAT IS CNC
DRILLING
MACHINE?<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#02">HOW DOES IT WORK?<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#cd">CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#mo">MICRO CONTROLLER
OPERATION
AND ROUTINE EXAMPLES<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#as">ASSEMBLING THE PCB<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#ho">HOW TO CONNECT A
STEPPER
MOTOR?<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#fi">FIRST STARTUP AND
CALIBRATION<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#03">SOFTWARE<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#000000"><�a href="#04">HOW
TO MAKE MECHANICAL PART OF MACHINE?<�/a><�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#co">COMPONENTS LIST<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana"><�a href="#do">DOWNLOADS<�/a><�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="01"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">WHAT IS CNC DRILLING MACHINE?<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The name itself (CNC = Computer
Numerical
Control) says pretty much. The machine is intended to be used to help
hobbyists
with their prototyping. Also if you draw something else with your
software,
you can easily do other jobs as well. The machine described below
functions
like many others. That means that the computer transmits positions and
commands to machine. The machine then executes desired operation and
replies
to the computer when done. In our case one part of job is done when one
hole is drilled. This machine can't mill PCBs yet, but I'm working on
it.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="02"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">HOW DOES THE MACHINE WORK?<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The machine I made works similar
like
other machines of this type. It is connected to serial port of IBM
compatible
personal computer and controlled by program written for MS WindowsŽ
operating
system. The program transmits data from PC to machine and checks if
it's
responding. The machine replies every time when operation is done or
when
computer asks it if it is powered on. The program first sends
coordinate
for X axes, then for Y and finally for Z. After sending last coordinate
also the command is sent which tells the machine what to do with
drilling
head. That command can send head towards PCB, it can drill a hole of
certain
depth, which means that the head will go down for certain distance and
then move back up. It can also move head up or initialize it.<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">The core of machine is simple micro
controller AT89C2051, which is fully filled with program, written with
Bascom-8051. (By the way, thanks to mr. Mark Alberts for his wonderful
program) The mcu has a lot to do. It takes care of receiving and
sending
data, motor direction and pulses needed by motor controller, current
through
motors and driller power. It also calculates it's relative coordinates
from absolute ones, sent by computer. In fact it's really busy.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="cd"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The core of our circuit is well
known
micro controller AT89C2951. It works at 12MHz, which isn't ideal for
baud
rate generator, but it works fine. Most of I/O pins have external
pull-ups
except P1.1 which is used to control current flow through motor
windings.
Reason for this are interference's generated by motor current control.
The capacitors C13, 18 and 23 are therefor the same reason. P3.1 and
P3.2
are used for PC communication.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">C24 (470n) is used as reset
capacitor
who's pull down resistor is in already in micro controller. I thought
it
makes no sense to put external electrolytic capacitor and pull down
resistor
in such cases. The MAX232 is also well known RS232 level converter.
These
two circuits are powered from +36V line via 15V zener diode and 78L05
voltage
regulator. I decided for this because translators L297 generate much
noise
in their power line. +5V power supply for L297 must be connected
externally.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">I also included drilling machine's
power
supply in my circuit. It is configured for 12V motor. If you use other
motor voltages you should adjust components in this circuit, specially
RE1, C1 and power transformer.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">At the end there are motor
controllers
which are well described in ST's data sheets. I should mention that
JP1,
JP3 and JP4 are used to set step mode of motors; half step or full
step.
With half step we double motor's resolution and exclude spurious
resonance,
but we also loose some torque. There are also two points marked with
SP1
and SP2. These are spare connections and are not used yet.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Micro controller also takes care of
motor current. The voltage divider is made with resistor 2k2, and
trimmer
470R. When P1.1 is low the divider is additionally pulled low via 180R
resistor. This way we reduce standby current to 1/3 of full current.
This
way motors stay cool when the machine isn't in use. The current through
each motor is controlled with 470R trimmer potentiometers TP1, TP2 and
TP3. The power loss on output chips depends on motor currents and
chopper
frequency. Probably you will need a smaller cooler and maybe a little
fan
on top of it.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The power of power supply required
by
our circuit depends on motors we use. In most cases the 36V/2A and
5V/0.3A
PS will do fine. The cable between PC and driller is usual with two DB9
connectors, male and female. The initialization switches are normal
mechanical.
I decided so, because they aren't sensible to light or dust like IR.<�/font>
<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�font size="-2">Note: if the
schematics
doesn't load, hold SHIFT and click on picture to<�/font><�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana"><�font size="-2">save it to disk and
then
open it with your favorite image viewer.<�/font><�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana"><�font size="-2">The same goes for other
High resolution images too.<�/font><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�a href="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/cnc_sch.gif"><�img
src="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/cnc_sch-s.gif" title=""
alt="" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 400px; height: 346px;"><�/a><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Circuit schematics<�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�a name="mo"><�/a>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">MICRO CONTROLLER OPERATION AND
ROUTINE
EXAMPLES<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">On power on the micro controller
first
initializes all three motors. First it lifts Z motor on top, to avoid
drill
breaking. If the motors are in initial position, they are moved a
little
and initialized back again. The motors run until they hit their end
switch.
The mcu then stops that motor and initializes next one. The
initialization
routine looks like this.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">'Z axis initialization<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">If P3.5 = 0
Then
'if the end switch is pressed<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> P1.3 =
1
'set motor direction to CW<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> For N = 0 To 100<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
P1.2 =
0
'reset CLOCK line<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
Delay
'wait a moment<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
P1.2 =
1
'set CLOCK back<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
For J = 0 To M 'with this loop we set the<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
Delay
'speed of motor by changing<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
Next
J
'the pause between CLOCK pulses<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> Next
N
'repeat this 100 times<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">End If<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">P1.3 =
0
'set motor direction to CCW<�/font><�/b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Do
'repeat following routine<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> P1.2 = 0<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> Delay<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> Delay<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> P1.2 = 1<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> For J = 0 To M<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
Delay<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> Next J<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Loop Until P3.5 =
0
'until the switch is pressed<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The same happens for X and Y axes
too.
When initialization is done, the MCU sends message to PC that it's
ready.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Print "Ready";<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">After that it waits for computer
commands.
It's interested in coordinates and command which tells it what to do.
The
computer asks MCU if it's ready before starting the job. If he doesn't
get any reply from machine he warns as with error dialog. If the MCU is
ready, then computer sends him the first coordinate with a command what
to do when it gets there. When the driller is in position, it can do
the
following:<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�ul>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">decrease the driller on position
marked
with "a" in settings and switch it on,<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">make a hole, that means go down for
"b"
and then go up for "b" too,<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">lift it up to the certain
coordinate or<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">initialize it (send it to top) and
switch
it off<�/font><�/li>
<�/ul>
<�font face="Verdana">Every time when operation is
successfully
done, MCU sends computer a message.<�/font>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Print "Done";<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">When PC receives the reply from MCU
it sends him next coordinate, if necessary. MCU receives coordinate
with
following routine:<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom1 =
Waitkey
'reads 5 variables<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom2 =
Waitkey
'from serial port<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom3 = Waitkey<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom4 = Waitkey<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom5 = Waitkey<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Num =
Chr(pom1)
'converts from character to ASCII<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom1 =
Val(num)
'converts from ASCII to integer<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Temp = Pom1 *
10000
'multiply with 10000<�/font><�/b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Num =
Chr(pom2)
'again convert char<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom2 =
Val(num)
'to integer<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom2 = Pom2 *
1000
'and multiply it with 1000 and<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Temp = Temp +
Pom2
'add it to previous temp variable<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Num =
Chr(pom3)
'do the same for<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom3 =
Val(num)
'hundreds<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom3 = Pom3 * 100<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Temp = Temp + Pom3<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Num =
Chr(pom4)
'tens<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom4 = Val(num)<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom4 = Pom4 * 10<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Temp = Temp + Pom4<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Num =
Chr(pom5)
'and ones<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Pom5 = Val(num)<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Temp = Temp + Pom5<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">X =
Temp
'at the end assign this variable to X<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The computer sends absolute
coordinates
to computer. The MCU then calculates relative coordinates (number of
motor
steps).<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Clkx = X
Xs
'he calculates nr. of steps from old value<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Xs =
X
'and saves value of new coordinate<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">If Clkx > 0
Then
'assign motor direction<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Dirx = 1<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">End If<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">If Clkx < 0 Then<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Dirx = 0<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">End If<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Clkx =
Abs(clkx)
'calculate absolute number of steps<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Then it moves on desired position.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Do<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">If Clkx > 0
Then
'if number of steps is greater then 0<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> P1.6 =
0
'generate clock<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> Decr
Clkx
'and subtract one<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">End If<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">If Clky > 0
Then
'repeat the same<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> P1.4 =
0
'for Y axes<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> Decr Clky<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">End If<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Delay
'wait a moment<�/font><�/b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">P1.6 =
1
'end clock pulses<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">P1.4 = 1<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">For N = 0 To
M
'generate a delay<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">
Delay
'which determines<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Next
N
'motor speed<�/font><�/b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">If Clkx = 0
Then
'when nr. of steps on X axes is equal to 0<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> If Clky = 0
Then
'and nr. of steps on Y axes also equal to 0<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> Exit
Do
'end loop<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier"> End If<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">End If<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">loop<�/font><�/b><�font
face="Courier New,Courier"><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Courier New,Courier">Print "Done";<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">That's all about main routines. Some
of them are repeated several times, but I explained only the main
examples.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="as"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">ASSEMBLING THE PCB<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">If you are going to make the PCB at
home, you will encounter a problem, because it's double sided with lots
of vias. I suppose that best way to make a professional PCB is to have
it done by PCB manufacturer. The plans for pcb and all other stuff you
can get at the end of this document.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">When you have your PCB done, you can
start soldering SMD components. All 100n capacitors are filter
capacitors
for power supply. If you don't have 100n you can use greater values as
well. They should be dimensioned for 50VDC and preferred size is 1206.<�/font>
<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/bs.gif" title=""
alt="" style="width: 1024px; height: 567px;"><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">SMD components layout (bottom side)<�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Then follows soldering of "normal"
wired
components. First solder the lowest components and then proceed to
higher
ones. Please, use sockets for DIL chips. The diodes must be 2A/100V
fast
recovery. FE2B can be used from Diotec.<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">ICs L298N must be cooled properly.
they should be attached on heat sink <�font color="#ff0000">WITH
INSULATION
BETWEEN HEAT SINK AND ICS. THE THERMO CONDUCTIVE PASTE MUST BE USED!<�/font><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Power supply connections are made
with
screw type connectors assembled from three pieces (3+3+2 pins). As
motor
connectors I used Speedy 10 pins connectors with flat cables and two
wires
for one connection. That means that 8 pins are used for 4 wires. The
last
two are used for end switch. (pin 9 = hot, pin 10 = GND) Be sure not to
short circuit the motor cables. The current regulator cannot limit
current
fast enough, since short circuit means only a little inductance.<�/font>
<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/ts.gif" title=""
alt="" style="width: 1024px; height: 615px;"><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Components layout (top side of PCB)<�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="ho"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">HOW TO CONNECT A STEPPER MOTOR?<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">As we know, there are two basic
groups
of stepper motors, looking from point of coil connections. Unipolar
motor
has four coils (or two coils with center connection, if you wish) and 6
wires on outside. Some of them have center of coils connected together
and have only 5 wires on the outside. Bipolar stepper motors have only
two coils and four wires on outside. Considering that our circuit is
intended
for driving bipolar motors we will have no problem connecting bipolar
motor
to our circuit. If we want to connect a unipolar motor then things get
a little different.<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">Since unipolar motor has center
connection
on each coil, we can leave this connection free (NC) and, as you se on
schematics of motor, by doing so, we transformed this motor to bipolar.
Only problem is coil resistance, so we should choose this option when
coil
resistance is low and motor is made for low voltages (3 to 5V). If it
is
too high, the current won't reach it's nominal level and the torque
will
be lost (Variant 1). In this case we can disassemble motor and brake
connection
on middle terminal and then connect coils parallel, as it's visible on
picture, variant 3. If you don't need motor's full torque, you can
connect
it on one of the side wires and on center wire, as you can see on
variant
2. Maybe someone will ask why don't we just connect the side wires
together
and we would get lower resistance for variant 3 without disassembling
the
motor. But this won't work, since the coils are winded bifilar and
magnetic
flux would be compensated.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#ff0000">IMPORTANT!<�/font><�/font>
<�/p>
<�ul>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#ff0000">When
disassembling
motor NEVER pull the rotor out of stator! This way you will partially
demagnetize
the permanent magnet in rotor and motor will no longer have specified
torque.<�/font><�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#ff0000">Increasing
current
over specified point, when the magnetic core is saturated, no longer
increases
torque but only thermal losses in motor, resulting in motor's
overheating
and damage.<�/font><�/font><�/li>
<�/ul>
<�center><�img src="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/mot_conn.gif"
title="" alt="" style="width: 640px; height: 463px;"><�br>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Variants of motor connection<�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">We'll achieve best results with
motors
designed for 4 to 10V and for currents between 0.2 and 1.5A.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="fi"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">FIRST STARTUP AND CALIBRATION<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Don't try to power on the machine
without
a cooler on output stage IC-s since they cam be burned very quickly (I
should know, unfortunately). The trimmer potentiometers must be in
final
CCW position. You can connect motors for testing right on your desktop.
The end switches you can simulate with some keys or switches. Be sure
you
assembled all as described and as seen on component layout pictures. If
you checked it all twice, you can power on your circuit and slowly turn
the TP3 (Z axis trim pot) in CW direction. The motor will start
turning.
Maybe at certain current, specially when full step is selected, the
motor
will start behaving strange. This is due to motor's resonance, because
it is not loaded. This phenomena will disappear when motor will have a
load to carry around. When you press on that mtor's end switch then the
X motor will start turning (after current adjusting procedure). Press
on
it's end switch as well and then repeat all this for Y axis motor. When
all of this is done and if PCB is connected with your computer, you can
start Easy NC drill program, described below, open file for drilling
and
press Start. The motors will start turning as they will later, when
they
will be fastened in their position. If any of motors has wrong
direction,
just swap the two wires of one of the coils. If the motors get hot,
reduce
the current.<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">If all of this works for you, you are
really on a good way to make the final product working. Congratulations.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="sl6.jpg" height="345" width="417"><�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Assembled PCB prototype<�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="03"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">SOFTWARE<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The software for controlling of our
machine is written for MS WindowsŽ operating system. I tried to
implement
as many functions as possible, tow I know that many things can be done
better. Any ideas and suggestions are welcome.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The recommended hardware
configuration
is:<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�ul>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">P100<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">16MB of RAM<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">1MB of hard disk space<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">SVGA color monitor (800*600)<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">1 free serial (RS232) port<�/font><�/li>
<�li> <�font face="Verdana">WindowsŽ 95<�/font><�/li>
<�/ul>
<�font face="Verdana">The program easy to use and I hope very
intuitive too, but I'll explain some details any way.<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
<�/font>
<�div style="text-align: center;"><�font face="Verdana"><�img
src="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/screenshot.gif" title=""
alt="" style="width: 794px; height: 603px;"><�/font><�br>
<�/div>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The program Easy NC Drill reads
standard
drilling files (*.NCD) generated by various PCB designing programs, but
there are some settings to be carefully set in order to make file
readable
by Easy NC Drill. These settings are:<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Units: Inches<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Code: ASCII None<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Zero Suppression: Trailing<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The CAD program will this way
generate
a file that will be understandable by Easy NC Drill. I made an example
of file which has only one tool and three holes. On the beginning of
file
there must be line with text M48 or M72, otherwise the file will be
considered
of wrong format.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">M48<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">INCH,LZ<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">T04F00S00C0.030<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">%<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">T04<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">X+002Y+004<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">Y+002<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">X+003Y+003<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">T00<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">M30<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Easy NC Drill supports up to eight
different
tools and 1000 holes of each one. When you open the file, the
coordinates
are visible in table on the left side of screen.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="koordinate.jpg" height="92" width="168"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">When you have a file opened and all
settings set you can start drilling. Many of settings are those, which
are set only once for your machine and others may be set several times.
The settings are available by clicking on button, via menu or shortcut
keys. So, lets take a look of these settings:<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Warning! Some names of settings may
be changed in the future.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Communication<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center><�img src="komunikacija.jpg" height="237" width="365"><�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Under Communication tab you can
choose
a port that your machine is connected to. If you don't know which one
is
it, you can click on the Find button and machine will be detected
automatically.
There are no other communication settings necessary since they are
controlled
internally.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Steps Per Inch (SPI)<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="merila.jpg" height="237" width="365"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">In these fields you can type how
many
steps does your machine have to do to "travel" 1 inch (25,4mm). You can
come to that numbers by trying. You can draw a PCB with four holes and
then drill it with machine and adjust parameters. The numbers are
usually
around 200 and 400 when stepper motor with belt directly on it's axes
is
used. If you use same motors for X and Y axes, the numbers should be
the
same.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Range<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="doseg.jpg" height="238" width="365"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">In these fields you should enter the
full range of your machine. This depends on it's construction and is
defined
in mils. These numbers you get by measuring of machine range with ruler
and subtracting about 2 mm of it. If you enter too big numbers, the
machine
can crash into the end mechanism.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Offset<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="offset.jpg" height="238" width="365"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Offset tells us where the 0,0
coordinate
should be. Increasing offset means decreasing our active area of work,
so consider setting offset to minimum. Also offset can not be bigger
then
range anyway. The offset coordinate is ignored when tool change
coordinate
is sent.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Trapezoid<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="trapez.jpg" height="238" width="365"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The trapezoid distortion occurs,
when
machine mechanics is not mad enough precisely (90°angle between X and Y
axes) or when you use laser printer it's output can be distorted too.
Usually
you don't notice that. I didn't too until I had to drill PCBs made with
laser printed film. We can test machine and printer the same way. Draw
a rectangle and print (drill corners of) it. Then measure opposite
points.
Maybe you'll be stunned with results. I measured difference on one
Epson
laser. It was almost Num! The value can be positive or negative.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Tool change<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="orodja.jpg" height="238" width="365"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">In these fields we enter coordinate
for tool change. This is a position where the tool is most easily
exchanged.
If enabled, the machine will go to this coordinate every time the tool
has to be changed.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Head<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="vrtalnik.jpg" height="238" width="365"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Under mark "a" we enter offset from
initial position on top to the PCB's copper layer. We should leave 1 to
2 mm for safety reasons, otherwise the drill can break if it hits
something.<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">Under "b" we enter drilling depth.
This depends on thickness of our board.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Speed<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="hitrost.jpg" height="238" width="365"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The speed can be set for X and Y
axes
together and for Z axes. The number we enter tells the micro controller
how many delays he should make between motor's clock pulses. Higher
value
faster transport. Speed must be set in reasonable limits. If it's too
slow,
drilling will take a while, if too fast, the motors can loose their
position
on startup and board will be ruined. Speed of motors depends on machine
design, motor torque and motor current. You can get your value with
testing.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">When you're done with setting
parameters
click the OK button and settings will be saved to program and to hard
disk
in file cnc.ini. Settings are also saved when you exit the program.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Offset (again? nooop)<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">In latest version of Easy NC Drill I
implemented setting of offset when machine is running. By clicking the
buttons you move it to certain point and then hit OK when you are done.
By default the machine is turned off. If you want to turn it on, click
the button Machine ON and it will go to offset position.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="offset2.JPG" height="390" width="659"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">I should mention some other
settings,
which are not available from settings window. They are available only
in
program's main window.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Warn for tool change<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">If this box is checked, the program
will warn you every time the tool should be changed. The drill head
will
go to coordinates set in Tool change settings window. The dialog will
also
tell you which drill diameter is next. If unchecked, the machine will
not
ask anything while drilling and all holes will be done with the same
diameter.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Mirror X<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">If this option is checked, the image
and drilling path will be mirrored. This option is very usable, since
we
design PCBs in "top view" mode, but when we want to drill, we do it
from
copper side of board, if PCB is single sided.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Go to 0,0 when done<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">If this option is checked, the
machine
will go to 0,0 when the job is done, otherwise it will go to Tool
change
position.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">O.K. So now the tool bar is next.
The
commands on toolbar are the basic ones.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="orodni_trak.jpg" height="62" width="447"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Open NCD<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Opens file with extension NCD in
last
used directory if possible. If file format isn't supported or if the
coordinates
are out of range the error message appears. In case that coordinate is
out of range it's possible that we made our project far from bottom
left
corner. Usually the easiest solution is to move our PCB in bottom left
corner or to put origin point closer to our project.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Drill<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Well, I guess we'll need this one.
It
starts the machine and executes selected job. If the machine is powered
off or if it's COM port isn't properly selected the message will warn
us,
that the machine isn't responding. Also it will warn if no job is
selected.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Stop<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Press stop when you want to end
drilling
prematurely. A dialog for confirmation will appear ae
.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Settings<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Opens dialog with settings mentioned
before.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Offset<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Opens dialog with offset settings
mentioned
before.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">About<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Opens dialog with some program info
and links to this page.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">Exit<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Closes program and saves it's
settings.<�/font>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">There are four speed buttons in
right
upper corner for sending machine to some often used coordinates:<�/font>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="opcije.jpg" height="63" width="255"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">TC means tool change position,
Offset
means offset position, 0,0 means position 0,0 and MAX means maximum
range
position.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Some of options are not visible
until
a file is loaded. In upper left corner of "drawing surface" the painted
circles with check boxes, drill diameter and number of holes are shown
when the file loads. The circle paint corresponds to paint of holes on
drawing surface. You can select type of holes to be drilled by checking
the appropriate check box.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="Izbira_vrt.jpg" height="197" width="264"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">During the drilling process you can
monitor it on screen. Finished holes are marked with red cross and
driller
path is colored green. We can also trace progress on two progress bars
in status line.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="med_vrt.jpg" height="457" width="447"><�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Job in progress<�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�a name="04"><�/a>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#000000"><�font size="+1">HOW
TO MAKE A MECHANICAL PART OF MACHINE<�/font><�/font><�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">I personally think, that making
machine's
hardware is the hardest thing to do. The prototype I made isn't very
neat,
but it works quite well. The main issue from my point of view was
product's
price. I wanted to make a machine that would be very cheap. I guess in
your country, which ever it is, there is a lot of junk computer
equipment
and that's very nice, since we don't have to buy the expensive stepper
motors.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">I will explain how I made my machine
and where I got my parts. The motor which drives machine in X axes and
all mechanics around it was taken out from an old scanner. The motor
should
be one with 200 steps per revolution (1,8° step angle) and strong
enough
to move other mechanical parts around. You can see the motor and "home
switch" on the picture below.<�/font>
<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="motor_x.jpg" height="380" width="551"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The mechanism of Y axes is fastened
on the arm, which is driven by X axis motor.<�/font>
<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="motor_y.jpg" height="434" width="693"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The smaller motor is driving Y axis
on which the driller is fastened. The third motor, which drives driller
on Z axis can be connected directly to spiral axis if it has high
enough
resolution, otherwise it should have a gear transmission like in my
case,
where the motor is 7,5°. As you can see the mechanism which holds the Z
axis is made from PCB material. It isn't very neat, but it works. The
only
problem is it's stability which is quite gentle due to weaker
construction.
But it's prototype anyway.<�/font>
<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="motor_z.jpg" height="558" width="708"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The swirly axis i took out of an
older,
double speed Mitsumi CD-ROM, the "guides" (I don't know the right word
for it but I mean that metal stick on which everything slides.) are
ones
from old floppy disk units. The motor and mechanism of X axes is from
old
scanner and of Y axes from Epson Stylus 400 printer. The power supply
is
also from this printer.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�img src="napajalnik.jpg" height="237" width="472"><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">The motor of Z axes is from Canon's
typewriter, the flat cables are from steering wheel of Fiat's Bravo
(Air
bag connection). You can also use cables from old dot matrix printers
which
lead to printing head. All together is mounted on 16 mm wooden board
and
it is quite fine. The driller is a little motor with drilling head.<�/font>
<�/p>
<�a name="co"><�/a><�br>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana">COMPONENTS LIST<�/font><�/b>
<�br>
<�br>
<�table border="1" cols="4" width="100%">
<�tbody>
<�tr>
<�td width="30%"><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#990000">Label<�/font><�/font><�/b><�/td>
<�td><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#990000">Value<�/font><�/font><�/b><�/td>
<�td width="5%"><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#990000">Pcs<�/font><�/font><�/b><�/td>
<�td><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#990000">Comment<�/font><�/font><�/b><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">R1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">22k SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">R2, R3, R5, R6, R8, R9<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">0,47R/2W<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">6<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Vertical mounting<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">R4, R7, R10<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">2k2 SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">R11, R12, R13<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">180R SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">R14 - R25<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">5k6 SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">12<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">2200u/25V<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C2, C3, C5, C6, C8, C10, C12,
C14,
C15, C17, C19, C20, C22, C27, C28,<�/font> <�br>
<�font face="Verdana">C33 - C35, C37- C39, C41<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">100n SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td width="10%"><�font face="Verdana">22<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206, can be replaced
with greater
values, 220n for example. Not critical.<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C4<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">47u/25V<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C7<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">4u7/25V<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C9<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">2,2n SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206 or 0805<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C11, C16, C21<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">470u/40V<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C13, C18, C23<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1n SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206 or 0805<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C24<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">470n SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 1206<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C25, C26<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">33p SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">2<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Size 0805<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C29 - C32<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1u/25V<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">4<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C36<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">100u/63V<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">C40<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">47u/6,3V<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">D1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1N4148 SMD<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">D2 - D25<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">FE2B<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">24<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">2A fast recovery<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">IC1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">LM78L05<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">IC2, IC4, IC6<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">L297<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">IC3, IC5, IC7<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">L298N<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">IC8<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">AT89C2051<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">must be programmed with
propper software. <�a
href="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/cnc22d.hex">Get
DEMO VERSION<�/a><�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">IC9<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">MAX232<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">ZD1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">BZX85, 15V/800mW<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">RE1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">JSM1-12V-4<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">or similar with same footprint<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">T1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">BC239C<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">can be any other NPN
with <�/font> <�br>
<�font face="Verdana">hFE > 200, Icmax 200mA and
Ucemax 40V<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">TP1, TP2, TP3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">470R<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">trimmerpotentiometer,
horizontal<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">GR1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">B20C2300-1500<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">rectifier for 2A/40V<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">X1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">12MHz<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�br>
<�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">JP1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">2 pin<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">WITHOUT JUMPER!<�/font> <�br>
<�font face="Verdana">Close only for reset.<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">JP2<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3 pin<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Select half or full step<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">CN1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">In line screwdriver
connector, 7 pin<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Can be assembled with 3+2+2
pin<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">CN2, CN10<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana"> DB9FA<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">2<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Female adapter<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">CN3, CN4, CN5<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Speedy 10 M<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Male<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">CN6, CN7, CN8<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Speedy 10 F<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">3<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Female, for flat cable<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�tr>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">CN9<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">DB9MA<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">1<�/font><�/td>
<�td><�font face="Verdana">Male<�/font><�/td>
<�/tr>
<�/tbody>
<�/table>
<�/p>
<�p><�a name="do"><�/a><�br>
<�b><�font face="Verdana">DOWNLOADS<�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#993300">Easy NC
Drill
V2.2.3 Download<�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#ff0000">TERMS AND
CONDITIONS
OF SOFTWARE USE<�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#ff0000">The Easy NC
Drill
software is <�b><�u>freeware<�/u><�/b>. It was made as a hobby project and
is not intended to be sold. You can freely copy and distribute it if
you
wish. It is brought to you as is with no warranties of any kind.
By using this software you agree with all terms and conditions of use
written
on this page. The CNC Drilling machine is dangherous. Use of the
machine
and software is at your risk. I'm not liable for any consequences made
with it.<�/font><�/font>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�a
href="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_slo/encd223.zip">I
agree with terms and conditions<�/a>
<�a href="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/micro.html">I don't agree
with terms and conditions<�/a><�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#993300">NCD file
examples
Downloads<�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�a
href="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_slo/examples.zip">Download
*.NCD file examples<�/a><�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#993300">PCB in
PostScript
or Corel Draw 7 format<�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#000000">Included PCB
film
for top and bottom side and components layouts on top and bottom side.<�/font><�/font>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�a
href="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/cnc.zip">Download
PCB (ZIP file)<�/a><�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�b><�font face="Verdana"><�font color="#993300">Microcontroller
firmware in HEX format (DEMO)<�/font><�/font><�/b>
<�/p>
<�center>
<�p><�font face="Verdana"><�a
href="http://www2.arnes.si/%7Esspslavr/cnc_eng/cnc22d.hex">Download
cnc22d.hex<�/a><�/font><�/p>
<�/center>
<�p><�br>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Author:<�/font>
<�/p>
<�p><�font face="Verdana">Srecko Lavric<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">Stare Zage 4<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">SI 8350 Dolenjske Toplice<�/font>
<�/p>
<�center><�a
href="mailto:srecko.lavric@guest.arnes.si?subject=Info%20about%20CNC%20drilling%20machine"><�img
src="mailani.gif" border="0" height="66" width="50"><�/a><�/center>
<�font face="Verdana">Tel. +386 73 065 810<�/font>
<�br>
<�font face="Verdana">GSM +386 31 65 71 71<�br>
<�br>
<�br>
Last update: 11. January 2005<�/font> <�br>
<�p>
<�/p>
<�/body>
<�/html>