Falco 13 - 14
Journal for ornithology, natural history and
nature conservation ...82 pages, 4 scientific articles, a lot of reviews
and reports, bird observations
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ARTICLES / ČLANKI:
Ekološko
ovrednotenje in
varovanje pomembnih ptic Sečoveljskih solin
Ecological evaluation and conservation of the important birds species
in the Sečovlje Salina
Tihomir Makovec*
Iztok Škornik**
Lovrenc Lipej***
*Ornitološko društvo IXOBRYCHUS, Gasilska
8, SI - 6000 Koper, SLOVENIJA
** MEDMARAVIS, Krožna 10, SI - 6000 Koper, SLOVENIJA
***Morska biološka postaja Piran, NIB, Fornače 41, SI - 6330 Piran, SLOVENIJA
Povzetek
Vprispevku obravnavajo avtorji ekologijo najbolj značilnih
ptic Sečoveljskih solin. Do danes je bilo ugotovljeno 253 vrst, od tega
jih v širši okolici gnezdi 91, v ožji okolici 68, 26 vrst pa gnezdi neposredno
v Sečoveljskih solinah. Ekološke raziskave v sredozemskih solinah so pokazale,
da so mokrišča te vrste zelo pomembna za redke in ogrožene vrste ptic.
Na podlagi ugotovljenega je smiselno, da odgovorni redno obnavljajo nasipe
in vzdržujejo primerno višino vode v solinskih bazenih, ki zagotavljajo
osnovne možnosti za uspešno razmnoževanje ptic Sečoveljskih solin. Tudi
na območju
Summary
From 1983 to 1998, more than
500 excursions were made to the area of the Sečovlje Salina. To date,
253 bird species have been recorded at the Sečovlje Salina and its surrounding,
and among them at least 91 species breed there, 68 breeding species have
been found in the Salina and the nearest area, 26 species breed in the
Sečovlje Salina. The area is divided into two parts: abandoned part of
the Salina called Fontanigge and still active salt-pans called Lera. The
area of Fontanigge is increasingly becoming an important location for
waterbirds, notably for the wintering and breeding species. The high abundance
and the high species diversity are direct consequence of the habitat diversity
in the area. Various habitat types are found in the area. According to
their occurrence, the species under consideration are divided into five
categories: 1. Wintering Birds, 2. Migratory Birds, 3. Summer Visitors,
4. Rare Birds and 5. Breeding Birds. Species, wintering in great numbers
in the area dealed with are: Fulica atra, Anas penelope, A. Platyrhynchos.
The following bird species are also important for the wintering period.
These are: Podiceps cristatus, P. nigricollis, Gavia arctica, Phalacrocorax
carbo, Mergus serrator, Egretta garzetta, E. alba, Ardea cinerea, Vanellus
vanellus, Tringa totanus, Cygnus olor and Charadrius alexandrinus.
The area in question serves as a regular stopover for Charadriiformes
in particular, and of these especially for the species from genera Tringa,
Calidris, Philomachus and Limosa. Species of the orders Anseriformes
and Ciconiiformes also frequently occur in the area. Out of summer visitors,
in the area under consideration, it is necessary to mention the Yellow-legged
Gull Larus cachinnans with more than 4000 specimens present in
august. Species which are rarely observed in the Sečovlje Salina are especially
the following: Tringa stagnatilis, Larus genei, Phalacrocorax pygmaeus,
Pluvialis apricaria and Plegadis falcinellus. From 91 breeding
species in the Sečovlje Salina and its surrounding, the selected list
of 26 breeding species in Salina is described separately, the breeding
distribution maps and histograms show the trends for each species. The
most important breeding species in the Sečovlje Salina are: Larus cachinnans,
Sterna hirundo, S. albifrons, Himantopus himantopus and Charadrius
alexandrinus. Because of the passive salt production in the area of
Fontanigge, the management of water levels in basins, and the special
nature of saline habitats make them ideal resting and refuelling site
for many bird species. Ecological studies in these artificial ecosystems
have shown that Mediterranean salinas are wetlands of international importance
for conservation and host rare and endangered flora and fauna. Certain
breeding species are important on the national level, since they breed
only in the Sečovlje Salina (Himantopus himantopus & Sterna albifrons)
or in another Slovenian coastal wetland at the most (Charadrius
alexandrinus, Larus cachinnans, Cisticola juncidis). Breeding success
of the most of the breeding species in salina depends very much on the
“passive activities” necessary for salt production, maintenance of the
dikes, weather conditions and disturbance by visitors walking around.
The inventory of the most significant natural heritage of Slovenia suggests
the Sečovlje Salina to be a natural monument. In 1989 this area was declared
as a Landscape park consisting of zones under strict conservation measures
of a natural reserve. Because the Sečovlje Salina is in inventory of the
Ramsar sites, we suggested a new part of salina, where most of important
breeding species are, to be a restricted ornithological reserve.
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Prilog
poznavanju Jadranske ihtiofavne
- Chauliodus sloani Schneider, 1801 (Pisces: Chauliodontidae)
- iglozub strašni
A contribution to the knowledge of the Adriatic ichtyofauna - Chauliodus
sloani Schneider, 1801 (Pisces: Chauliodontidae) - sloane´s viperfish
Jakov Dulčić
Institute of Oceanography
and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, P.O.B. 500, 21000 Split, CROATIA
Sažetak
U cilju što boljeg poznavanja rijetkih riba
iznose se podaci o biologiji mezo- i batipelagičke vrste iglozub strašni
(Chauliodus sloani Schn.) jedne od najrjeđih riba u Jadranskom
moru. Glede dubine u kojoj živi, ova riba je do sada ulovljena samo nekoliko
puta. Pripada porodici iglozuba (Chauliodontidae). Iglozub strašni je
najveća dubokomorska jadranska riba sa svijetlećim organima (fotoforama);
naraste do 30 cm u dužinu. Glava ribe se odlikuje snažnim čeljustima,
oboružanim dugim iglasto-sabljastim kaniniformnim zubima po kojima je
iglozub i dobio ime. Izraziti je grabežljivac, a glavna hrana su mu manji
dubinski mezo- i batipelagički organizmi.
Summary
For the purpose of acquiring
as good as possible the knowledge of rare fish species the author presented
data from the biology of Chauliodus sloani Schn., one of the rarest
fish species of the Adriatic Sea. Living in deep waters this fish has
been so far caught in the Adriatic only on several occasions. This fish
belongs to the family of Chauliodontidae. It is the largest of all the
pelagic Adriatic fishes with fluorescent organs (photophores); it grows
up to 30 cm in length. Its head is characteristic for strong jaws provided
with long needle and sward like canine teeth, after which it was given
its name. It is a typical predator, its main food being smaller mid- and
bathypelagic organisms.
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Growth
parameters of round sardinella
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 larvae in the Adriatic sea
estimated from otolith growth rings
rastni parametri ličink sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847
v Jadranskem morju, na osnovi prirastkov v otolitih.
Jakov Dulčić
Institute of Oceanography and
Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, P.O.B. 500, 21000 Split, CROATIA
Summary
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847
was sampled in the period from 14 to 20 August 1989 at the station Stončica
in the eastern middle Adriatic. Specimens were aged by means of growth
increments in the sagittal otoliths. The Gompertz and Laird-Gompertz growth
equations, commonly used in larval growth analysis, described the larval
growth of this species in the length range sampled. The initial length
of round sardinella larvae at time t = 0 was L0=4.661 mm. The obtained
value of the predicted length at metamorphosis was a=25.45 mm. The average
growth (0.72 mm d-1) was estimated by the slope of a line fitted by least
squares regression analysis to the relation between standard length and
number of increments.
Povzetek
Avtor obravnava rastne parametre
ličink vrste Sardinella aurita, s pomočjo rasti obročkov otolitov.
Vzorčevanja so potekala med 14 in 20 avgustom 1989 v Stončici. Primerki
so bili starostno razvrščeni s pomočjo rastnih povprečij sagitalnih otolitov.
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Gnezditev
kavke Corvus monedula na
Dravskem polju
Breeding of the Jackdaw Corvus monedula on the Dravsko polje
Milan Vogrin
Hotinjska c. 108, SI - 2312
Orehova vas - SLOVENIJA
Povzetek
V letu 1998 je avtor na Dravskem
polju v severovzhodni Sloveniji ugotavljal številčnost kavke Corvus
monedula. Odkrite so bile tri kolonije, ki so skupaj štele 54 parov.
Kavke so za gnezdišče najraje izbirale dimnike in visoke zgradbe. V letu
1998 ni bila odkrita nobena gnezditev v naravnih duplih, čeprav je na
takšnih mestih na Dravskem polju v preteklosti kavka gnezdila. Število
kavk v kulturni krajini nazaduje. Razlog za nazadovanje je predvsem pomanjkanje
ustreznih gnezdišč.
Summary
During breeding
season in 1998 the survey of Jackdaw Corvus monedula was undertaken
on the Dravsko polje in northeastern Slovenia to obtain reliable population
size and the knowledge of current distribution and nest choice. During
the study three colonies were found with 54 pairs. The average breeding
density on the Dravsko polje was 0.26 pairs/km2. In 1998 no nests
were found in natural holes, however in the past Jackdaws bred in holes
in traditional orchards. The distribution of nests occupied by Jackdaws
is presented in Table1. The most important breeding sites of Jackdaws
on the Dravsko polje are chimneys. Jackdaws prefer also the highest buildings.
It seems that number of breeding Jackdaws in traditional cultural landscape
is declining. Some previous breeding sites, e.g. in traditional orchards,
on a church, have been abandoned. The loss of suitable nest sites (e.g.
due to renovations of buildings and chimneys, intensive fruit-growing)
is the main negative factor.
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Pregled
favne dvoživk in plazilcev
Triglavskega narodnega parka
A survey of the Amphibian and Reptile fauna of the Triglav National Park
Nuša Vogrin
Vransko 121, SI - 3305 Vransko
- SLOVENIJA
Povzetek
Na območju Triglavskega narodnega
parka je bilo ugotovljenih sedem vrst dvoživk in deset vrst plazilcev.
Med vsemi vrstami se uvršča v kategorijo pogosta vrsta le planinski pupek,
med razširjene vrste sodita dve vrsti dvoživk in šest vrst plazilcev,
med redke pa tri vrste dvoživk in štiri vrste plazilcev. Glavna dejavnika,
ki ogrožata vrstno in številčno pestrost dvoživk sta vnosa plenilskih
vrst rib in uničevanje življenjskih prostorov. Zaraščanje odprtih površin
negativno vpliva na vrstno in številčno pestrost plazilcev.
Summary
The author presents qualitative
data on the herpetofauna of the Triglav National Park - TNP (north-western
Slovenia), including the data on vertical distribution and frequency of
the species. The data of four years´ study (from 1994 to 1997) are accomplished
with the data from literature.
Seven amphibian species and ten species of
reptiles were recorded (Table 1). The data on the occurrence of Elaphe
l. longissima is new for the fauna of reptiles in TNP. Only
Triturus a. alpestris was common, three amphibian species (Salamandra
s. salamandra, Bufo b. bufo, Bombina variegata) and
six species of reptiles (Lacerta v. viridis, Lacerta v. vivipara,
Podarcis m. muralis, Anguis f. fragilis, Natrix n. natrix,
Vipera b. berus) were rare, and three amphibian species (Salamandra
a. atra, Rana t. temporaria, Triturus carnifex), and
four species of reptiles (Lacerta horvathi, Coronella a. austriaca,
Elaphe l. longissima, Vipera a.ammodytes) were very rare
(Table 2). Vertical distribution of species found in TNP is presented
in Table 3. Some of the species have lower maximum altitude in TNP than
in the adjacent regions (Table 4).
Some amphibians in TNP are endangered despite
of the protection by law. Main threat for amphibians in the Triglav National
Park are habitat destruction and introduction of predatory fish species.
The succession of open landscape, i.e. pastures, has presumably a negative
influence on the diversity of reptiles.
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Kompleks
rumena pastirica
Motacilla flava v Sloveniji
Complex of the Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava (sub) species in
Slovenia
Milan Vogrin
Hotinjska c. 108, SI - 2312
Orehova vas - SLOVENIJA
Povzetek
V prispevku so predstavljene
(pod)vrste rumene pastirice Motacilla flava, ki se pojavljajo v
Sloveniji. Ugotovljene so bile naslednje (pod)vrste: M. (f.) flava,
M. (f.) cinereocapilla, M. (f.) feldegg in M.
(f.) thunbergi. Na gnezdenju pa so bile odkrite M. (f.) flava,
M. (f.) cinereocapilla, M. (f.) feldegg in to celo
na istem območju.
Summary
The article presents the
occurrence and breeding data of Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava
(sub)species in Slovenia. During migration three (sub)species (i.e. M.
(f.) flava, M. (f.) cinereocapilla and M.
(f.) feldegg) are known to occur in Slovenia, however only two (sub)species,
i.e. M. (f.) cinereocapilla and M. (f.) feldegg,
have been breeding so far. The author presents data also for M. (f.)
thunbergi for passage and for M. (f.) flava which was found
breeding on the Dravsko polje in 1997. In this year all three (sub)species
were found breeding on the same locality (intensive fields, the Dravsko
polje). Migration pattern of Yellow Wagtail (sub)species during migration
in northeastern Slovenia is presented on figure 1. In table 1. breeding
habitat is given for each (sub)species.
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