VENETI ZBORNIK 06-2.indd

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ZAKLJUČKI

Avtorji so v tem zborniku predstavili več pomembnih dejstev in razmišljanj.

Prva skupina se nanaša na vprašanje, ali smo Slovenci na svojem ozemlju avtohtoni

ali pa smo se priselili v začetku srednjega veka.

Iz dejstev, ki so jih predstavili, sledi, da je bilo v Noriku v mestih in utrdbah rimljan-

sko prebivalstvo, medtem ko prebivalstvo na podeželju še ni bilo porimljanjeno. Okoli

leta 350 je na furlanskem podeželju še prevladovala venetščina in romanska so bila le

mesta. Podobno je bilo v Noriku še po letu 450, dokler se Rimljani leta 488 niso odselili

v Italijo. Leta 493 so si Norik podredili Goti, leta 535 Franki, nato 555-568 Bizantinci. Po

tem je bil samostojen. V letih 593 in 595 so vanj, Sclaborum provinciam, vdrli Bavarci,

ropali in se umaknili. Leta 612 je to “Kraj Venetov, ki se imenujejo tudi Slovani” (Termini

Venetiorum qui et Sclavi dicuntur), po 630 pa “Sclavi coinomento Winedi” in “Wallucus

dux Winedorum”. O priseljevanju Slovencev ne poroča noben znan vir.

Po drugi strani pa »Helmolts Weltgeschichte« suvereno podaja zgodovinsko dejstvo o

tem, da smo Slovenci od nekdaj na svojih tleh. Razlikuje med imeni, s katerimi so Slovane

imenovali latinski in starogrški pisatelji (Veneti, Enetoi), ter imeni, ki jih z njimi v omembah

imenujejo bizantinski pisatelji (Slavus, Slavinus, Stlavus, Sclavus, Slovanus, itd.). Iz navedb

v »Helmolts Weltgeschichte« sledi:

1. Predniki Slovencev so slovanski praprebivalci Srednje Evrope.

2. V Rimskem cesarstvu so predniki Slovencev živeli v provincah: Vindelitia, Raetia,

Noricum, Pannonia, Istria.

3. Imena »Slovenia«, »Sclavinia«, »Sklavinia« in »Slavinia« so obstajala že pred 1400

in več leti.

4. Ime »Slovenia« je obstajalo že pred naselitvijo Hrvatov, torej pred letom 626

po Kr. Celotno današnje hrvaško jezikovno ozemlje je pred naselitvijo Hrvatov

pripadalo Slovencem in se je imenovalo »Slovenia«.

5. Cesar Oton III. (+1002) je pred tisoč leti omenjal Slovenijo z izrazom »Sclavinia«.

O priselitvah Slovanov viri poročajo samo o priselitvi Hrvatov na slovensko ozemlje in

Srbov med leti 626 in 634, ter kasneje Bolgarov, nič pa o kakršnikoli priselitvi Slovencev.

Slednje je torej samo domneva znanstvenikov, za katero ni podlage v virih.

Ime »Sclavinia« je za slovensko ozemlje izpričano že ob koncu 6. in ob začetku 7. st.

po Kr. Okoliščine okoli leta 1000 so bile take, da »Sclavinia« ni mogla biti ne Hrvaška ne

Slavonija ne Češka ne Slovaška ne Poljska, temveč samo Slovenija v svojem takratnem

obsegu ozemlja. In Sclavorum lingua v Gorici in Solkanu je lahko samo tamkajšnji slov-

enski jezik.

Dandanašnji avtor, vodilni evropski jezikoslovec Mario Alinei pa piše: »…zavreči

moram eno od najbolj absurdnih posledic tradicionalne kronologije o ‘prihodu’ Slovanov

na ogromna ozemlja, na katerih danes živijo. Edini logični sklep je lahko ta, da je južna

veja Slovanov najstarejša ter da sta se iz nje razvili zahodna in vzhodna veja Slovanov na

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različne načine in morda v različnih časih… Danes le manjšina strokovnjakov podpira

teorijo o poznem preseljevanju Slovanov… Domnevno ‘slovansko preseljevanje’ je povsem

nevzdržno. Slovanska prisotnost na ozemlju, ki se skoraj povsem ujema s tistim, na katerih

danes živijo, je obstajala nepretrgoma od kamene dobe … Slovani so (skupaj z Grki in

drugimi balkanskimi ljudstvi) razvili poljedelstvo … poljedelsko mešano gospodarstvo,

značilno evropsko, ki je kasneje omogočilo rojstvo grške, etruščanske in latinske urban-

izacije. Germanska ljudstva so prevzela poljedelstvo od Slovanov …«

Pri prebivalcih v Črni gori in okoli nje pa je jezikoslovno še vedno mogoče ugotoviti,

od kje so se priselili takratni Hrvati in Srbi v letih 626 do 634. Ostankov jezika tamkajšnjih

staroselcev še niso začeli ugotavljati.

Drugo vprašanje je vprašanje Keltov.

V Slovenijo so prišli po porazu pri Delfih okoli leta 250 pr. Kr. in po prihodu Rimljanov

okoli leta 15 pr. Kr. niso več omenjani. Le redko se pravilno uporablja ime Kelti, ki pred-

stavlja le delovno ime za različne kulturne, vojaške, verske in tehnološke pojave tedanjega

časa, nikakor pa ne predstavlja enotne narodne ali jezikovne skupine. Pri nas predstavljajo

v najboljšem primeru le nadvlado vojaške elite, ki pa ni imela skoraj nobenega vpliva na

staroselce niti v genetskem niti v govornem pomenu.

Analiza jezikov, virov, načinov pokopa, ureditve družbe in verovanja kaže, da je bil

del staroveških Galcev, imenovanih tudi Kelti, veja zahodnih Slovanov, ki so jo sestav-

ljala različna plemena, ki so nekdaj živela na področjih sedanje Francije, Avstrije, Švice,

Madžarske itd. Ta ljudstva so razširila uporabo železa v Srednjo in Zahodno Evropo in

zanje je bil najprej uporabljen etnonim Kelti. Dokler davna pričevanja in novi arheološki

dokazi ne pokažejo drugače, lahko smatramo, da so Slovani živeli v davni preteklosti ne

le v Vzhodni, temveč tudi v Srednji in Zahodni Evropi in da so bili močna, visoko razvita

ljudstva, ki so vplivala na številna druga. Podani so novi dokazi za nekdanjo prisotnost

Slovanov v Zahodni Evropi in na Britanskih otokih. Ter dejstvo, da Ircev, Škotov, Valižanov

in drugih sedaj imenovanih “keltskih” ljudstev v starem veku niso smatrali za Kelte, temveč

je bilo tako poimenovanje zanje uvedeno šele pred nekaj stoletji. Sedanja poimenovanja

“keltskih” narodov bo treba temeljito prevetriti in preveriti.

Precej dela je prikazanega o Venetih in njihovih napisih. Prikazani so novi načini

njihovega razumevanja s pomočjo slovenščine.

Tudi rekonstrukcije obrazov lobanj izpred 10.500 do 1000 let kažejo, da rekonstruirani

ženski obrazi niso videti drugačni kot obrazi sedanjih Srednjeevropejk.

Anton Perdih

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CONCLUSION

The authors have presented several important sets of facts, conclusions and specula-

tions:

The first set poses questions as to whether Slovenians are autochthonous in Central

Europe or if they are descendants of immigrants who arrived in the Middle Ages.

The evidence suggests that in Noricum the urban population as well as the demogra-

phy of military outposts was largely Roman. But the rural population of the countryside

was largely not Romanized.

Until the middle of the Fourth Century AD the Venetic language prevailed in

the countryside of Friuli, and Romanic speakers were concentrated in the cities and

fortifications. A similar situation existed in Noricum even after 450 AD and persisted

until 488 AD when the Romans withdrew from Noricum to Italy. In 493 AD the Goths

subjugated Noricum and then the Franks conquered Noricum in 535 AD. Subsequently

the Byzantines ruled Noricum from 555 to 568 AD. Then Noricum was briefly independ-

ent. The Bavarians intruded into Noricum, the Sclaborum provinciam, for purposes of

pillaging and robbery in 593 and 595. In 612 AD Noricum is referred to as “Territory of

Veneti - also named Slavs” (Termini Venetiorum qui et Sclavi dicuntur), conversely after

630 they were designated as “Slavs, also named Winedi” (Sclavi coinomento Winedi)

and records address “Valuk the Duke of Winedi” (Wallucus dux Winedorum). There is

no evidence nor source of reports that would suggest that the ancestors of the Slovenes

immigrated into the region.

This begs the conclusion that the indigenous inhabitants of Noricum are the ances-

tors of the Slovenes.

The Helmolts Weltgeschichte, i.e. the Helmolts World History that 100 years ago had

been published simultaneously in German, English and Russian language, on the other

hand, affirms that the name »Slovenia« existed even before the arrival of Croats in the

year 626 AD. It presents the names used for Slavs by Roman and Greek writers (Veneti,

Enetoi) as well as the names used by Byzantine writers (Slavus, Slavinus, Stlavus, Sclavus,

Slovanus, etc.). From the statements in the Helmolts Weltgeschichte it follows that:

1. Slovenians are the primary inhabitants in the Central Europe.

2. In the Roman Empire they lived in provinces named Vindelitia, Raetia,

Noricum, Pannonia, Istria.

3. The names »Slovenia«, »Sclavinia«, »Sklavinia«, and »Slavinia« existed more

than 1400 years ago.

4. The name »Slovenia« existed before the arrival of Croats in the year 626 AD.

All the present-day Croatian territories belonged to Slovenians and it had been

named »Slovenia«.

5. Emperor Otto III (†1002) mentioned Slovenia with the expression »Sclavinia«.

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Available sources report only about settling of Croats on the Slovenian territories

and of Serbs in 626 and 634, as well as later of Bulgarians, whereas there is no report

about settling of Slovenians. The latter is thus only a supposition of scientists having no

background in relevant sources.

The name “Sclavinia” is testified for the Slovenian territory at the end of the 6

and

beginning of the 7

century AD. The circumstances around 1000 AD were of such kind

that “Sclavinia” could be neither Croatia nor Slavonia, Czechia, Slovakia or Poland, but

only Slovenia in its that-time territory. And, the Sclavorum lingua in Gorica and Solkan

could be only the Slovenian language of that place.

One of the leading European linguists, Mario Alinei states: »I have to commence by

clearing away one of the most absurd consequences of the traditional chronology, namely,

that of the ‘arrival’ of the Slavs into the immense area in which they now live. The only

logical conclusion can be that the southern branch of the Slavs is the oldest and that from

it developed the Slavic western and eastern branches in a differing manner and perhaps

at different times… Today only a minority of experts support the theory of a late migra-

tion for the Slavs… The surmised ‘Slavic migration’ is full of inconsistencies. There is no

‘northern Slavic language’, it is rather only a variant of the southern Slavic… The first

metallurgic cultures in the Balkans are Slavic… and connected with Anatolia… Slavic

presence in the territory, nearly identical to the one occupied by them today, exists ever

since the Stone Age… The Slavs have (together with the Greeks and other Balkan peoples)

developed agriculture… agriculturally mixed economy, typically European, which later

enabled the birth of the Greek, Etruscan, and Latin urbanism. Germanic peoples adopted

agriculture from the Slavs… «

In Montenegro and its surroundings it is linguistically still possible to establish

where from settled Croats and Serbs in 626 to 634 AD. The discovering of the rests of

the language of ancient settlers in those territories isn’t started yet.

The second set poses questions about the Celts.

Celts arrived to Slovenia after the retreat in defeat at Delphi about 250 BC, and after

the arrival of Romans about 15 BC they are not mentioned there any more. The designa-

tion Celts is most frequently only the working designation for different cultural, military,

religious, and technological events of that time and not a unified national or linguistic

group. In Slovenia they represent possibly the hegemony of a military elite, which had

little influence on original inhabitants in genetic or linguistic point of view.

Combined analysis of languages, historical sources, burial types, architecture and

religion reveals that a part of the Gauls called also Celts were in fact a Western Slavic

branch consisting of different tribes who inhabited the lands of ancient France, Austria,

Switzerland, Hungary, etc. These people were responsible for the spread of iron in Central

and Western Europe and were also the ones to whom the ethnonym Celts was applied for

the first time. Unless other ancient testimonies or new archaeological discoveries appear,

it should be admitted that Slavic tribes inhabited not only Eastern, but also Central and

Western Europe in the deep antiquity and were strong, highly developed people, who

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influenced many others. Novel evidence of Slavic presence in Western Europe and British

Isles is presented. As well as the fact that in antiquity, the Irish, Scotch, Welsh, etc, were

not considered to be Celts. This “Celtic” designation of them has been introduced only

few hundred years ago and should be thoroughly rechecked.

The third set form contributions devoted to Veneti and their inscriptions. Presented

are new ways of their understanding using Slovenian language as a catalyst.

The fourth set is devoted to face reconstruction from the sculls. The reconstructed

female faces of 10,500 to 1000 years old sculls look not dissimilar from the faces of today’s

central European female subjects.

Anton Perdih

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Naslovi avtorjev + e-naslovi

Anthony Ambrozic

8 Lafayette Pl., Thornhill, ON L3T 1G5, Canada

Rudi Koncilija

Dolničarjeva 1, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija

Alojz Kumar

Bevkova 49, SI-5210 Deskle, Slovenija,

<Kumar.Alojz@siol.net>

Vojislav P. Nikčević

IV proleterske 31, 81250 Cetinje, Crna gora

Anton Perdih

Mala vas 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija,

<Anton.Perdih@email.si>

Andrej Rant

Ilirska 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija

<Andrej.Rant@zd-lj.si>

Jože Rant, st.

Ul. v Kokovšek 31a, SI-1231 Ljubljana, Slovenija

<marija.rant@siol.net>

Pavel Serafimov

Cederstraat 33, NL-8924 CA Leeuwarden, Holland

<p.serafimov@chello.nl>

Marco Silvestri

Via Faliero 16, I-37138 Verona, Italy

<marcosilvestri@email.it>

Joseph Skulj

11 Westacres Drive, Toronto M6M 2B7, Canada

<jskulj@hotmail.com>

Feliks Srečo Smole

Rodica, Miševa 4, SI-1230 Domžale

Ivan Tomažič

Bennogasse 21, A-1080 Wien, Austria

Giancarlo Tomezzoli

Zeppelinstrasse 43, D-81669 Munich, Germany

<gtomezzoli@epo.org>

Vinko Vodopivec

Pot na Drenikov vrh 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija

<vinko.vodopivec@familia.si>

IZBOR KNJIG ZALOŽNIŠTVA JUTRO O NAŠIH PREDNIKIH

LeopoldVerbovšek:KOMU(NI)SMOTUJCI?Knjigaizzivov

◆

Davorin(Martin)Žunkovič,

Leopold Verbovšek: V SENCI ZGODOVINE

◆

Leopold Verbovšek: DANES, IZ VČERAJ

ZA JUTRI

◆

ZBORNIK 1 — VENETI V ETNOGENEZI SREDNJEEVROPSKEGA

PREBIVALSTVA; Proceedings 1 — The Veneti Within The Ethnogenesis Of The

Central-european Population

◆

ZBORNIK 2 — PRAPREBIVALSTVO NA TLEH

SREDNJE EVROPE; Proceedings 2 — Ancient Settler Of Central Europe

◆

ZBORNIK

3 — SLEDOVI EVROPSKE PRETEKLOSTI; Proceedings 3 — Traces Of European

Past

◆

ZBORNIK 4 — STAROSELCI V EVROPI; Proceedings 4 — Ancient Settlers

Of Europe

◆

Lucijan Vuga: DAVNINA GOVORI, Slovenci že od kamene dobe na

sedanjih ozemljih

◆

Lucijan Vuga: MEGALITSKI JEZIKI, Teorija kontinuitete in

megalitske kulture

◆

Ivo Petkovšek: BELINOV KODEKS

◆

Lucijan Vuga: VENETI

V TROJI, So Homerjevi Veneti – Hetiti?

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Ciklus konferenc Korenine slovenskega naroda

Conference series Origin of the Slovenians

Zbornik

četrte mednarodne konference

EVROPSKI STAROSELCI

Proceedings

of the Fourth International Topical Conference

ANCIENT INHABITANTS OF EUROPE

Vodja projekta – Head of the Project

Vinko Vodopivec

Uredil – Edited by

Anton Perdih

Pomagali – Advisors

Vinko Vodopivec, Petr Jandáček, Jože Škulj, Jože Rant, Anton Mavretič, Anton

Škerbinc, Giancarlo Tomezzoli, Duša Krnel-Umek, Alojz Kumar, Ivan Tomažič,

† Lucijan Vuga

Kraj – Venue

Cankarjeva 1/IV, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Založnik – Publisher

ZALOŽNIŠTVO JUTRO, Jutro d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia

Izšlo – Published

Ljubljana, Slovenia 2006

Naročila / Orders

Jutro d.o.o., Založništvo in trgovina,

Črnuška c. 3, p.p. 4986, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Tel. +386 (1) 561-72-30, faks +386 (1) 561-72-35

E-pošta/E-mail: Jutro@siol.net

WWW.JUTRO.SI

Page 8

ISBN 978-961-6433-75-4

Iz dejstev, ki so jih predstavili avtorji, sledi, da je bilo v Noriku v mestih in utrdbah rimljansko prebivalstvo,

medtem ko prebivalstvo na podeželju še ni bilo porimljanjeno. O priseljevanju Slovencev ne poroča noben

znanvir.Ime»Slovenia«jeobstajaložeprednaselitvijoHrvatov,torejpredletom626poKr.Celotnodanašnje

hrvaško jezikovno ozemlje je pred naselitvijo Hrvatov pripadalo Slovencem in se je imenovalo »Slovenia«.

Vodilni evropski jezikoslovec Mario Alinei piše: »… zavreči moram eno od najbolj absurdnih posledic

tradicionalnekronologijeo‘prihodu’Slovanovnaogromnaozemlja,nakaterihdanesživijo.Edinilogičnisklep

jelahkota,dajejužnavejaSlovanovnajstarejšaterdastaseiznjerazvilizahodnainvzhodnavejaSlovanov

na različne načine in morda v različnih časih… Danes le manjšina strokovnjakov podpira teorijo o poznem

preseljevanju Slovanov … Domnevno ‘slovansko preseljevanje’ je povsem nevzdržno. Slovanska prisotnost

na ozemlju, ki se skoraj povsem ujema s tistim, na katerih danes živijo, je obstajala nepretrgoma od kamene

dobe … Slovani so (skupaj z Grki in drugimi balkanskimi ljudstvi) razvili poljedelstvo … poljedelsko mešano

gospodarstvo, značilno evropsko, ki je kasneje omogočilo rojstvo grške, etruščanske in latinske urbanizacije.

Germanska ljudstva so prevzela poljedelstvo od Slovanov …«

TheevidencesuggeststhatinNoricumtheurbanpopulationaswellasthedemographyofmilitaryoutposts

waslargelyRoman.ButtheruralpopulationofthecountrysidewaslargelynotRomanized.Thereisnoevidence

nor source of reports that would suggest that the ancestors of the Slovenes immigrated into the region. The

name»Slovenia«existedbeforethearrivalofCroatsintheyear626AD.Allthepresent-dayCroatianterritories

belonged to Slovenians and it had been named »Slovenia«.

A leading European linguists, Mario Alinei states: »I have to commence by clearing away one of the most

absurd consequences of the traditional chronology, namely, that of the ‘arrival’ of the Slavs into the immense

area in which they now live. The only logical conclusion can be that the southern branch of the Slavs is the

oldest and that from it developed the Slavic western and eastern branches in a differing manner and perhaps

at different times … Today only a minority of experts support the theory of a late migration for the Slavs… The

surmised ‘Slavic migration’ is full of inconsistencies. There is no ‘northern Slavic language’, it is rather only a

variant of the southern Slavic … The first metallurgic cultures in the Balkans are Slavic … and connected with

Anatolia … Slavic presence in the territory, nearly identical to the one occupied by them today, exists ever since

the Stone Age … The Slavs have (together with the Greeks and other Balkan peoples) developed agriculture

… agriculturally mixed economy, typically European, which later enabled the birth of the Greek, Etruscan, and

Latin urbanism. Germanic peoples adopted agriculture from the Slavs …«